tora_join-domain-linux/join_unix_ad_local.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

# =========================
# Konfiguration (ANPASSEN!)
# =========================
DOMAIN="DOMAIN.local"
REALM="DOMAIN.LOCAL"           # i.d.R. DOMAIN in GROSS
AD_DNS_IP="192.168.178.3"       # Synology AD/DNS IP
DC_HOST="nas.DOMAIN.local"     # optional für Tests
ADMIN_USER="Administrator@DOMAIN.LOCAL"
# Optional: Test-User (nur für getent/id Test nach Join)
TEST_USER="TESTUSER"

# Optional: Computer OU (leer lassen wenn nicht benötigt)
COMPUTER_OU=""

# Verhalten
FORCE_NO_MDNS=true             # hosts: files dns  (empfohlen bei .local)
DISABLE_AVAHI=true             # avahi-daemon stoppen/deaktivieren
SET_KRB5_RDNS_FALSE=true       # rdns = false setzen (sehr empfehlenswert)

# =========================
# Helper
# =========================
require_root() {
  if [[ "${EUID}" -ne 0 ]]; then
    echo "Bitte als root ausführen: sudo $0"
    exit 1
  fi
}

backup_file() {
  local f="$1"
  if [[ -f "$f" ]]; then
    cp -a "$f" "${f}.bak.$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"
  fi
}

have_cmd() { command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1; }

fail() {
  echo "FEHLER: $*" >&2
  exit 1
}

info() { echo "==> $*"; }

# =========================
# Install packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
# =========================
install_packages() {
  info "Installiere benötigte Pakete..."
  export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
  apt-get update -y
  apt-get install -y \
    realmd sssd sssd-tools libnss-sss libpam-sss adcli \
    krb5-user packagekit samba-common-bin oddjob oddjob-mkhomedir \
    dnsutils network-manager
}

# =========================
# Disable Avahi/mDNS
# =========================
disable_mdns() {
  if [[ "${DISABLE_AVAHI}" == "true" ]] && systemctl list-unit-files | grep -q '^avahi-daemon\.service'; then
    info "Stoppe/Deaktiviere avahi-daemon (mDNS/.local)..."
    systemctl stop avahi-daemon || true
    systemctl disable avahi-daemon || true
  fi

  if [[ "${FORCE_NO_MDNS}" == "true" ]]; then
    info "Erzwinge hosts: files dns (mdns raus) in /etc/nsswitch.conf..."
    backup_file /etc/nsswitch.conf
    if grep -q '^hosts:' /etc/nsswitch.conf; then
      # setze hosts-Zeile hart auf "files dns"
      sed -i -E 's/^hosts:.*/hosts: files dns/' /etc/nsswitch.conf
    else
      echo 'hosts: files dns' >> /etc/nsswitch.conf
    fi
  else
    info "Setze nur dns vor mdns in /etc/nsswitch.conf..."
    backup_file /etc/nsswitch.conf
    # Best-effort: files dns mdns4_minimal
    if grep -q '^hosts:' /etc/nsswitch.conf; then
      sed -i -E 's/^hosts:.*/hosts: files dns mdns4_minimal/' /etc/nsswitch.conf
    else
      echo 'hosts: files dns mdns4_minimal' >> /etc/nsswitch.conf
    fi
  fi
}

# =========================
# Set DNS persistently
# =========================
set_dns_persistent() {
  info "Setze DNS persistent auf ${AD_DNS_IP}..."

  # 1) NetworkManager: DNS fest in Verbindung setzen
  if systemctl is-active --quiet NetworkManager && have_cmd nmcli; then
    info "NetworkManager aktiv -> setze DNS via nmcli (persistent)"
    # aktive Verbindung ermitteln
    local con
    con="$(nmcli -t -f NAME,DEVICE con show --active | head -n1 | cut -d: -f1 || true)"
    if [[ -n "${con}" ]]; then
      nmcli con mod "${con}" ipv4.ignore-auto-dns yes
      nmcli con mod "${con}" ipv4.dns "${AD_DNS_IP}"
      nmcli con mod "${con}" ipv4.dns-search "${DOMAIN}"
      nmcli con up "${con}" >/dev/null
      return 0
    fi
  fi

  # 2) systemd-resolved: DNS auf Interface setzen (nicht immer persistent, aber oft)
  if systemctl is-active --quiet systemd-resolved && have_cmd resolvectl; then
    info "systemd-resolved aktiv -> setze DNS via resolvectl"
    local iface
    iface="$(ip -o route show default | awk '{print $5}' | head -n1)"
    [[ -n "${iface}" ]] || fail "Konnte Default-Interface nicht ermitteln."
    resolvectl dns "${iface}" "${AD_DNS_IP}"
    resolvectl domain "${iface}" "~${DOMAIN}"
    return 0
  fi

  # 3) Fallback: /etc/resolv.conf (kann überschrieben werden, aber besser als nichts)
  info "Fallback -> schreibe /etc/resolv.conf (kann überschrieben werden)"
  backup_file /etc/resolv.conf
  cat >/etc/resolv.conf <<EOF
search ${DOMAIN}
nameserver ${AD_DNS_IP}
EOF
}

# =========================
# Kerberos: rdns=false
# =========================
set_krb5_options() {
  if [[ "${SET_KRB5_RDNS_FALSE}" != "true" ]]; then
    return 0
  fi

  info "Setze Kerberos rdns=false in /etc/krb5.conf..."
  backup_file /etc/krb5.conf

  # Wenn libdefaults existiert, rdns setzen/ersetzen, sonst block hinzufügen
  if grep -q '^\s*\[libdefaults\]' /etc/krb5.conf; then
    if grep -q '^\s*rdns\s*=' /etc/krb5.conf; then
      sed -i -E 's/^\s*rdns\s*=.*/ rdns = false/' /etc/krb5.conf
    else
      # rdns nach libdefaults einfügen
      awk '
        BEGIN{done=0}
        /^\s*\[libdefaults\]\s*$/{
          print
          if(!done){print " rdns = false"; done=1}
          next
        }
        {print}
      ' /etc/krb5.conf > /tmp/krb5.conf.new && mv /tmp/krb5.conf.new /etc/krb5.conf
    fi
  else
    cat >>/etc/krb5.conf <<EOF

[libdefaults]
 rdns = false
EOF
  fi
}

# =========================
# Preflight checks
# =========================
preflight() {
  info "Prüfe Zeit (Kerberos ist zeitkritisch)..."
  timedatectl status | sed -n '1,12p' || true

  info "Prüfe DNS-Auflösung (_ldap SRV)..."
  dig +short _ldap._tcp."${DOMAIN}" SRV | head -n5 || true

  info "Prüfe DC Hostname (optional)..."
  dig +short "${DC_HOST}" A || true

  info "Realm discovery..."
  realm discover "${DOMAIN}" || true

  info "Kerberos Test (kinit) mit ${ADMIN_USER}..."
  # kinit braucht Passwort -> interaktiv
  # Wichtig: kinit muss funktionieren, sonst Join sinnlos
  if ! kinit "${ADMIN_USER}"; then
    fail "kinit fehlgeschlagen. Prüfe DNS/Zeit/Realm. (Ticket kommt nicht.)"
  fi

  info "klist (Ticket vorhanden?)"
  klist || true
}

# =========================
# Join domain
# =========================
join_domain() {
  info "Domain-Join: ${DOMAIN} (Realm: ${REALM})..."
  # leave nur best-effort
  realm leave "${DOMAIN}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true

  if [[ -n "${COMPUTER_OU}" ]]; then
    realm join "${DOMAIN}" -U "${ADMIN_USER}" --computer-ou="${COMPUTER_OU}" --verbose
  else
    realm join "${DOMAIN}" -U "${ADMIN_USER}" --verbose
  fi

  info "Aktiviere mkhomedir..."
  pam-auth-update --enable mkhomedir || true

  info "Starte SSSD neu..."
  systemctl restart sssd || true

  info "realm list:"
  realm list || true

  info "Test Benutzerauflösung:"
  if [[ -n "${TEST_USER}" ]]; then
    getent passwd "${TEST_USER}@${DOMAIN}" || true
    id "${TEST_USER}@${DOMAIN}" || true
  fi
}

# =========================
# Main
# =========================
require_root
install_packages
disable_mdns
set_dns_persistent
set_krb5_options
preflight
join_domain

info "FERTIG ✅"
echo "Login-Format: user@${DOMAIN}"
echo "Tipp: Teste Login: su - ${TEST_USER}@${DOMAIN}"