yunoadmin
/
bambuddy
зеркало из https://github.com/maziggy/bambuddy


			
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							import asyncio
import logging
import posixpath
import time
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
from sqlalchemy import delete, or_, select, text

from backend.app.api.routes import (
    ams_history,
    api_keys,
    archives,
    auth,
    background_dispatch as background_dispatch_routes,
    bug_report,
    camera,
    cloud,
    discovery,
    external_links,
    filaments,
    firmware,
    github_backup,
    groups,
    inventory,
    kprofiles,
    library,
    local_backup,
    local_presets,
    maintenance,
    metrics,
    mfa,
    notification_templates,
    notifications,
    obico,
    pending_uploads,
    print_log,
    print_queue,
    printers,
    projects,
    settings as settings_routes,
    smart_plugs,
    spoolbuddy,
    spoolman,
    support,
    system,
    updates,
    user_notifications,
    users,
    virtual_printers,
    webhook,
    websocket,
)
from backend.app.api.routes.maintenance import _get_printer_maintenance_internal, ensure_default_types
from backend.app.api.routes.support import init_debug_logging
from backend.app.core.config import APP_VERSION, settings as app_settings
from backend.app.core.database import async_session, engine, init_db
from backend.app.core.websocket import ws_manager
from backend.app.models.smart_plug import SmartPlug
from backend.app.services.archive import ArchiveService
from backend.app.services.background_dispatch import background_dispatch
from backend.app.services.bambu_ftp import (
    FileNotOnPrinterError,
    cache_3mf_download,
    clear_3mf_cache,
    download_file_async,
    get_cached_3mf,
    get_ftp_retry_settings,
    with_ftp_retry,
)
from backend.app.services.bambu_mqtt import PrinterState
from backend.app.services.github_backup import github_backup_service
from backend.app.services.homeassistant import homeassistant_service
from backend.app.services.local_backup import local_backup_service
from backend.app.services.mqtt_relay import mqtt_relay
from backend.app.services.mqtt_smart_plug import mqtt_smart_plug_service
from backend.app.services.notification_service import notification_service
from backend.app.services.obico_detection import obico_detection_service
from backend.app.services.print_scheduler import scheduler as print_scheduler
from backend.app.services.printer_manager import (
    init_printer_connections,
    printer_manager,
    printer_state_to_dict,
)
from backend.app.services.smart_plug_manager import smart_plug_manager
from backend.app.services.spool_assignment_notifications import (
    notify_missing_spool_assignments_on_print_start,
)
from backend.app.services.spoolman import close_spoolman_client, get_spoolman_client, init_spoolman_client
from backend.app.services.spoolman_tracking import (
    cleanup_tracking as _cleanup_spoolman_tracking,
    report_usage as _report_spoolman_usage,
    store_print_data as _store_spoolman_print_data,
)
from backend.app.services.tasmota import tasmota_service


# =============================================================================
# Dependency Check - runs before other imports to give helpful error messages
# =============================================================================
def _start_error_server(missing_packages: list):
    """Start a minimal HTTP server to display dependency errors in browser."""
    import os
    import signal
    from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer

    packages_html = "".join(f"<li><code>{p}</code></li>" for p in missing_packages)

    html = f"""<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Bambuddy - Setup Required</title>
    <style>
        body {{
            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
            background: #0f172a; color: #e2e8f0;
            display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;
            min-height: 100vh; margin: 0; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;
        }}
        .container {{
            background: #1e293b; border-radius: 12px; padding: 40px;
            max-width: 600px; text-align: center; box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
        }}
        h1 {{ color: #f87171; margin-bottom: 10px; }}
        h2 {{ color: #94a3b8; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0; }}
        .packages {{
            background: #0f172a; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px;
            margin: 20px 0; text-align: left;
        }}
        .packages ul {{ margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; }}
        .packages li {{ color: #fbbf24; margin: 8px 0; }}
        .command {{
            background: #0f172a; border-radius: 8px; padding: 15px 20px;
            margin: 15px 0; font-family: monospace; color: #4ade80;
            text-align: left; overflow-x: auto;
        }}
        .note {{ color: #94a3b8; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 20px; }}
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <h1>Setup Required</h1>
        <h2>Missing Python packages</h2>
        <div class="packages"><ul>{packages_html}</ul></div>
        <p>To fix, run this command on your server:</p>
        <div class="command">pip install -r requirements.txt</div>
        <p>Or if using a virtual environment:</p>
        <div class="command">./venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt</div>
        <p class="note">After installing, restart Bambuddy:<br>
        <code>sudo systemctl restart bambuddy</code></p>
    </div>
</body>
</html>"""

    class ErrorHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
        def do_GET(self):
            self.send_response(503)
            self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
            self.end_headers()
            self.wfile.write(html.encode())

        def log_message(self, format, *args):
            print(f"[Error Server] {args[0]}")

    port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 8000))
    print(f"\nStarting error server on http://0.0.0.0:{port}")
    print("Visit this URL in your browser to see the error details.\n")

    server = HTTPServer(("0.0.0.0", port), ErrorHandler)  # nosec B104

    def shutdown(signum, frame):
        print("\nShutting down error server...")
        raise SystemExit(0)

    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, shutdown)
    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, shutdown)

    server.serve_forever()


def check_dependencies():
    """Check that all required packages are installed."""
    missing = []

    # Map of import name -> package name (for pip install)
    required = {
        "jwt": "PyJWT",
        "fastapi": "fastapi",
        "uvicorn": "uvicorn",
        "sqlalchemy": "sqlalchemy",
        "aiosqlite": "aiosqlite",
        "pydantic": "pydantic",
        "paho.mqtt": "paho-mqtt",
    }

    for module, package in required.items():
        try:
            __import__(module)
        except ImportError:
            missing.append(package)

    if missing:
        print("\n" + "=" * 60)
        print("ERROR: Missing required Python packages!")
        print("=" * 60)
        print(f"\nMissing packages: {', '.join(missing)}")
        print("\nTo fix, run:")
        print("  pip install -r requirements.txt")
        print("\nOr if using a virtual environment:")
        print("  ./venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt")
        print("=" * 60 + "\n")
        _start_error_server(missing)


check_dependencies()
# =============================================================================


# Import settings first for logging configuration

# Configure logging based on settings
# DEBUG=true -> DEBUG level, else use LOG_LEVEL setting
log_level_str = "DEBUG" if app_settings.debug else app_settings.log_level.upper()
log_level = getattr(logging, log_level_str, logging.INFO)
log_format = "%(asctime)s %(levelname)s [%(name)s] %(message)s"

# Create root logger
root_logger = logging.getLogger()
root_logger.setLevel(log_level)

# Console handler - always enabled
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
console_handler.setLevel(log_level)
console_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(log_format))
root_logger.addHandler(console_handler)

# File handler - only in production or if explicitly enabled
if app_settings.log_to_file:
    log_file = app_settings.log_dir / "bambuddy.log"
    file_handler = RotatingFileHandler(
        log_file,
        maxBytes=5 * 1024 * 1024,  # 5MB
        backupCount=3,
        encoding="utf-8",
    )
    file_handler.setLevel(log_level)
    file_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(log_format))
    root_logger.addHandler(file_handler)
    logging.info("Logging to file: %s", log_file)

# Reduce noise from third-party libraries in production
if not app_settings.debug:
    logging.getLogger("sqlalchemy.engine").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
    logging.getLogger("httpcore").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
    logging.getLogger("httpx").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
    logging.getLogger("paho.mqtt").setLevel(logging.WARNING)

logging.info("Bambuddy starting - debug=%s, log_level=%s", app_settings.debug, log_level_str)


# Track active prints: {(printer_id, filename): archive_id}
_active_prints: dict[tuple[int, str], int] = {}

# Track expected prints from reprint/scheduled (skip auto-archiving for these)
# {(printer_id, filename): archive_id}
_expected_prints: dict[tuple[int, str], int] = {}

# Track AMS mapping for prints: {archive_id: [global_tray_id_per_slot]}
# Used by usage tracker to map 3MF slots to physical AMS trays
_print_ams_mappings: dict[int, list[int]] = {}

# Track progress milestones for notifications: {printer_id: last_milestone_notified}
# Milestones are 25, 50, 75. Value of 0 means no milestone notified yet for current print.
_last_progress_milestone: dict[int, int] = {}

# Track whether first layer complete notification has been sent for current print
_first_layer_notified: dict[int, bool] = {}

# Track HMS errors that have been notified: {printer_id: set of error codes}
# This prevents sending duplicate notifications for the same error
_notified_hms_errors: dict[int, set[str]] = {}
# Track when HMS errors were last seen: {printer_id: timestamp}
# Used to debounce clearing — prevents flapping errors from re-triggering notifications
_hms_last_seen: dict[int, float] = {}
_HMS_CLEAR_GRACE_SECONDS = 30.0

# Track timelapse file baselines at print start: {printer_id: set of video filenames}
# Used for snapshot-diff detection at print completion
_timelapse_baselines: dict[int, set[str]] = {}

# Track printers waiting for bed to cool after print completion.
# Event-driven: fires when bed_temper arrives via MQTT below threshold.
# {printer_id: {"threshold": float, "filename": str, "registered_at": float}}
_bed_cool_waiters: dict[int, dict] = {}

# Track printers where the user explicitly stopped the print from the queue UI.
# When on_print_complete fires with status "failed" for these printers we treat it
# as "cancelled" (stopped by user) so the correct notification email is sent.
_user_stopped_printers: set[int] = set()

# Track created_by_id for expected prints so the user email can be sent even when
# the archive itself doesn't have created_by_id set (e.g. library-file-based prints).
# {(printer_id, filename): created_by_id}
_expected_print_creators: dict[tuple[int, str], int] = {}

# TTL for expected-print entries: evict registrations older than this to prevent
# unbounded growth when a print is registered but never starts (e.g. printer
# disconnect, app restart, print started from the printer panel).
_EXPECTED_PRINT_TTL_SECONDS: int = 2 * 60 * 60  # 2 hours

# Registration timestamps used for TTL eviction: {(printer_id, filename): monotonic_time}
_expected_print_registered_at: dict[tuple[int, str], float] = {}

# Cleanup loop interval
_EXPECTED_PRINT_CLEANUP_INTERVAL: int = 15 * 60  # 15 minutes
_expected_prints_cleanup_task: asyncio.Task | None = None


async def _get_plug_energy(plug, db) -> dict | None:
    """Get energy from plug regardless of type (Tasmota, Home Assistant, MQTT, or REST).

    For HA plugs, configures the service with current settings from DB.
    For MQTT plugs, returns data from the subscription service.
    For REST plugs, polls the status URL with JSON path extraction.
    """
    if plug.plug_type == "homeassistant":
        from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_homeassistant_settings

        ha_settings = await get_homeassistant_settings(db)
        homeassistant_service.configure(ha_settings["ha_url"], ha_settings["ha_token"])
        return await homeassistant_service.get_energy(plug)
    elif plug.plug_type == "mqtt":
        # MQTT plugs report "today" energy, not lifetime total
        # For per-print tracking, we use "today" as the counter (resets at midnight)
        mqtt_data = mqtt_relay.smart_plug_service.get_plug_data(plug.id)
        if mqtt_data:
            return {
                "power": mqtt_data.power,
                "today": mqtt_data.energy,
                "total": mqtt_data.energy,  # Use today as total for per-print calculations
            }
        return None
    elif plug.plug_type == "rest":
        from backend.app.services.rest_smart_plug import rest_smart_plug_service

        return await rest_smart_plug_service.get_energy(plug)
    else:
        return await tasmota_service.get_energy(plug)


async def _record_energy_start(archive, printer_id: int, db, *, context: str = "") -> bool:
    """Capture the smart plug lifetime counter on the archive at print start.

    Persists `energy_start_kwh` on the archive row (#941) so per-print energy
    tracking survives a backend restart mid-print. The print-end handler reads
    this value back from the DB and computes the delta against the current
    plug counter.
    """
    _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
    try:
        plug_result = await db.execute(select(SmartPlug).where(SmartPlug.printer_id == printer_id))
        plug = plug_result.scalar_one_or_none()
        if not plug:
            _logger.info("[ENERGY] No smart plug for printer %s (archive %s)", printer_id, archive.id)
            return False
        energy = await _get_plug_energy(plug, db)
        if not energy or energy.get("total") is None:
            _logger.warning("[ENERGY] No 'total' in energy response for archive %s", archive.id)
            return False
        archive.energy_start_kwh = float(energy["total"])
        await db.commit()
        _logger.info(
            "[ENERGY] Recorded starting energy%s for archive %s: %s kWh",
            f" ({context})" if context else "",
            archive.id,
            energy["total"],
        )
        return True
    except Exception as e:
        _logger.warning("[ENERGY] Failed to record starting energy for archive %s: %s", archive.id, e)
        return False


def register_expected_print(
    printer_id: int,
    filename: str,
    archive_id: int,
    ams_mapping: list[int] | None = None,
    created_by_id: int | None = None,
):
    """Register an expected print from reprint/scheduled so we don't create duplicate archives."""
    # Store with multiple filename variations to catch different naming patterns
    _expected_prints[(printer_id, filename)] = archive_id
    # Also store without .3mf extension if present
    if filename.endswith(".3mf"):
        base = filename[:-4]
        _expected_prints[(printer_id, base)] = archive_id
        _expected_prints[(printer_id, f"{base}.gcode")] = archive_id
    # Store AMS mapping for usage tracking at print completion
    if ams_mapping is not None:
        _print_ams_mappings[archive_id] = ams_mapping
    # Store created_by_id so the user start email can be sent even when the archive
    # itself has no created_by_id (e.g. library-file-based queue prints)
    if created_by_id is not None:
        _expected_print_creators[(printer_id, filename)] = created_by_id
        if filename.endswith(".3mf"):
            base = filename[:-4]
            _expected_print_creators[(printer_id, base)] = created_by_id
            _expected_print_creators[(printer_id, f"{base}.gcode")] = created_by_id
    # Record registration time for TTL-based eviction
    _registered_at = time.monotonic()
    _expected_print_registered_at[(printer_id, filename)] = _registered_at
    if filename.endswith(".3mf"):
        base = filename[:-4]
        _expected_print_registered_at[(printer_id, base)] = _registered_at
        _expected_print_registered_at[(printer_id, f"{base}.gcode")] = _registered_at
    logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
        f"Registered expected print: printer={printer_id}, file={filename}, archive={archive_id}, ams_mapping={ams_mapping}"
    )


def _get_start_ams_mapping(data: dict, archive_id: int | None) -> list[int] | None:
    """Resolve AMS mapping for print start without consuming stored queue/reprint state."""
    stored_ams_mapping = data.get("ams_mapping")
    if not stored_ams_mapping and archive_id:
        stored_ams_mapping = _print_ams_mappings.get(archive_id)
    return stored_ams_mapping


def mark_printer_stopped_by_user(printer_id: int) -> None:
    """Mark that the active print on this printer was stopped by the user from the queue UI.

    When on_print_complete fires with status 'failed' for a printer in this set we
    reclassify it as 'cancelled' so the correct 'print stopped' notification is sent
    rather than a 'print failed' notification.
    """
    _user_stopped_printers.add(printer_id)
    logging.getLogger(__name__).info("Marked printer %s as user-stopped from queue", printer_id)


_last_status_broadcast: dict[int, str] = {}
# Track printers where we've updated nozzle_count
_nozzle_count_updated: set[int] = set()


async def on_printer_status_change(printer_id: int, state: PrinterState):
    """Handle printer status changes - broadcast via WebSocket."""
    # Only broadcast if something meaningful changed (reduce WebSocket spam)
    # Include rounded temperatures to detect meaningful temp changes (within 1 degree)
    temps = state.temperatures or {}
    nozzle_temp = round(temps.get("nozzle", 0))
    bed_temp = round(temps.get("bed", 0))
    nozzle_2_temp = round(temps.get("nozzle_2", 0)) if "nozzle_2" in temps else ""
    chamber_temp = round(temps.get("chamber", 0)) if "chamber" in temps else ""

    # Auto-detect dual-nozzle printers from MQTT temperature data
    if "nozzle_2" in temps and printer_id not in _nozzle_count_updated:
        _nozzle_count_updated.add(printer_id)
        # Update nozzle_count in database
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

            result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
            printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
            if printer and printer.nozzle_count != 2:
                printer.nozzle_count = 2
                await db.commit()
                logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
                    f"Auto-detected dual-nozzle printer {printer_id}, updated nozzle_count=2"
                )

    # Include target temps for heating phase detection
    bed_target = round(temps.get("bed_target", 0))
    nozzle_target = round(temps.get("nozzle_target", 0))

    # Include tray_now and vt_tray hash so external spool changes trigger broadcasts
    vt_tray_key = hash(str(state.raw_data.get("vt_tray", []))) if state.raw_data else 0
    # Include AMS dry_time and tray state values so drying/slot changes trigger broadcasts
    ams_dry_key = tuple(a.get("dry_time", 0) for a in (state.raw_data.get("ams") or [])) if state.raw_data else ()
    # Include tray states so load/unload transitions (state 11→10) trigger broadcasts (#784)
    ams_tray_key = (
        tuple(
            (t.get("id"), t.get("tray_type", ""), t.get("state"))
            for a in (state.raw_data.get("ams") or [])
            for t in a.get("tray", [])
        )
        if state.raw_data
        else ()
    )
    status_key = (
        f"{state.connected}:{state.state}:{state.progress}:{state.layer_num}:"
        f"{nozzle_temp}:{bed_temp}:{nozzle_2_temp}:{chamber_temp}:"
        f"{state.stg_cur}:{bed_target}:{nozzle_target}:"
        f"{state.cooling_fan_speed}:{state.big_fan1_speed}:{state.big_fan2_speed}:"
        f"{state.chamber_light}:{state.active_extruder}:{state.tray_now}:{vt_tray_key}:"
        f"{ams_dry_key}:{ams_tray_key}:{state.door_open}"
    )

    # MQTT relay - publish status (before dedup check - always publish to MQTT)
    try:
        printer_info = printer_manager.get_printer(printer_id)
        if printer_info:
            await mqtt_relay.on_printer_status(printer_id, state, printer_info.name, printer_info.serial_number)
    except Exception:
        pass  # Don't fail status callback if MQTT fails

    if _last_status_broadcast.get(printer_id) == status_key:
        return  # No change, skip WebSocket broadcast

    _last_status_broadcast[printer_id] = status_key

    # Check for progress milestone notifications (25%, 50%, 75%)
    progress = state.progress or 0
    is_printing = state.state in ("RUNNING", "PRINTING")

    if is_printing and progress > 0:
        # Determine which milestone we've reached
        current_milestone = 0
        if progress >= 75:
            current_milestone = 75
        elif progress >= 50:
            current_milestone = 50
        elif progress >= 25:
            current_milestone = 25

        last_milestone = _last_progress_milestone.get(printer_id, 0)

        # If we've crossed a new milestone, send notification
        if current_milestone > last_milestone:
            _last_progress_milestone[printer_id] = current_milestone
            try:
                async with async_session() as db:
                    from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

                    result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
                    printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                    printer_name = printer.name if printer else f"Printer {printer_id}"
                    filename = state.subtask_name or state.gcode_file or "Unknown"
                    # remaining_time is in minutes, convert to seconds for notification
                    remaining_time_seconds = state.remaining_time * 60 if state.remaining_time else None

                    # Capture camera snapshot for notification image attachment
                    image_data = await _capture_snapshot_for_notification(
                        printer_id, printer, logging.getLogger(__name__)
                    )

                    await notification_service.on_print_progress(
                        printer_id,
                        printer_name,
                        filename,
                        current_milestone,
                        db,
                        remaining_time_seconds,
                        image_data=image_data,
                    )
            except Exception as e:
                logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(f"Progress milestone notification failed: {e}")
    elif progress < 5:
        # Reset milestone tracking when print restarts or new print begins
        _last_progress_milestone[printer_id] = 0
        _first_layer_notified[printer_id] = False

    # HMS error codes that should not trigger notifications even though they
    # have known descriptions (e.g. user-initiated actions, not real errors).
    _HMS_NOTIFICATION_SUPPRESS = {
        "0500_400E",  # Printing was cancelled (user action, not an error)
    }

    # Check for new HMS errors and send notifications
    current_hms_errors = getattr(state, "hms_errors", []) or []
    if current_hms_errors:
        # Build set of current error codes (using attr for uniqueness)
        current_error_codes = {f"{e.attr:08x}" for e in current_hms_errors}
        previously_notified = _notified_hms_errors.get(printer_id, set())

        # Find new errors that haven't been notified yet
        new_error_codes = current_error_codes - previously_notified

        # Update tracking immediately to prevent duplicate notifications from concurrent callbacks
        _notified_hms_errors[printer_id] = current_error_codes
        _hms_last_seen[printer_id] = time.time()

        if new_error_codes:
            # Get the actual new errors for the notification
            # Filter to severity >= 2 (skip informational/status messages like H2D sends)
            new_errors = [e for e in current_hms_errors if f"{e.attr:08x}" in new_error_codes and e.severity >= 2]

            try:
                async with async_session() as db:
                    from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

                    result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
                    printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                    printer_name = printer.name if printer else f"Printer {printer_id}"

                    # Format error details for notification
                    # Module 0x07 = AMS/Filament, 0x05 = Nozzle, 0x0C = Motion Controller, etc.
                    module_names = {
                        0x03: "Print/Task",
                        0x05: "Nozzle/Extruder",
                        0x07: "AMS/Filament",
                        0x0C: "Motion Controller",
                        0x12: "Chamber",
                    }

                    from backend.app.services.hms_errors import get_error_description

                    # Capture camera snapshot once for all error notifications
                    error_image_data = await _capture_snapshot_for_notification(
                        printer_id, printer, logging.getLogger(__name__)
                    )

                    sent_count = 0
                    for error in new_errors:
                        module_name = module_names.get(error.module, f"Module 0x{error.module:02X}")
                        # Build short code like "0700_8010"
                        # Mask to 16 bits to handle printers that send larger values
                        error_code_int = int(error.code.replace("0x", ""), 16) if error.code else 0
                        error_code_masked = error_code_int & 0xFFFF
                        short_code = f"{(error.attr >> 16) & 0xFFFF:04X}_{error_code_masked:04X}"

                        # Only notify for errors with known descriptions — printers
                        # send many undocumented/phantom codes that aren't real errors.
                        description = get_error_description(short_code)
                        if not description or short_code in _HMS_NOTIFICATION_SUPPRESS:
                            continue

                        error_type = f"{module_name} Error"
                        error_detail = description

                        await notification_service.on_printer_error(
                            printer_id, printer_name, error_type, db, error_detail, image_data=error_image_data
                        )
                        sent_count += 1

                    if sent_count:
                        logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
                            f"[HMS] Sent notification for {sent_count} error(s) on printer {printer_id}"
                        )

                    # Also publish to MQTT relay
                    printer_info = printer_manager.get_printer(printer_id)
                    if printer_info:
                        errors_data = [
                            {
                                "code": e.code,
                                "attr": e.attr,
                                "module": e.module,
                                "severity": e.severity,
                            }
                            for e in new_errors
                        ]
                        await mqtt_relay.on_printer_error(
                            printer_id, printer_info.name, printer_info.serial_number, errors_data
                        )

            except Exception as e:
                logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(f"HMS error notification failed: {e}")

    else:
        # No HMS errors — only clear tracking after a grace period to prevent
        # flapping errors (brief hms:[] gaps) from re-triggering notifications.
        # Some HMS codes (e.g. chamber temp regulation during PETG prints) toggle
        # on/off every few seconds as conditions fluctuate around thresholds.
        if printer_id in _notified_hms_errors:
            last_seen = _hms_last_seen.get(printer_id, 0)
            if time.time() - last_seen >= _HMS_CLEAR_GRACE_SECONDS:
                _notified_hms_errors.pop(printer_id, None)
                _hms_last_seen.pop(printer_id, None)

    await ws_manager.send_printer_status(
        printer_id,
        printer_state_to_dict(state, printer_id, printer_manager.get_model(printer_id)),
    )


def _is_bambu_uuid(tray_uuid: str) -> bool:
    """Check if a tray UUID looks like a valid Bambu Lab RFID UUID (non-empty, non-zero)."""
    return bool(tray_uuid) and tray_uuid not in ("", "0" * len(tray_uuid))


async def on_ams_change(printer_id: int, ams_data: list):
    """Handle AMS data changes - sync to Spoolman if enabled and auto mode."""
    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    # Snapshot BEFORE any await: if a print is active, skip weight sync later.
    # on_print_complete may pop _active_sessions during our awaits (#880).
    from backend.app.services.usage_tracker import _active_sessions

    _print_active = printer_id in _active_sessions

    # MQTT relay - publish AMS change
    try:
        printer_info = printer_manager.get_printer(printer_id)
        if printer_info:
            await mqtt_relay.on_ams_change(printer_id, printer_info.name, printer_info.serial_number, ams_data)
    except Exception:
        pass  # Don't fail AMS callback if MQTT fails

    # Broadcast AMS change via WebSocket (bypasses status_key deduplication)
    # This ensures frontend gets immediate updates when AMS slots are configured
    try:
        state = printer_manager.get_status(printer_id)
        if state:
            logger.info("[Printer %s] Broadcasting AMS change via WebSocket", printer_id)
            await ws_manager.send_printer_status(
                printer_id,
                printer_state_to_dict(state, printer_id, printer_manager.get_model(printer_id)),
            )
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("Failed to broadcast AMS change for printer %s: %s", printer_id, e)

    from backend.app.utils.color_utils import colors_similar as _colors_similar

    # Auto-unlink spool assignments with stale fingerprints
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload

            from backend.app.api.routes.inventory import _find_tray_in_ams_data
            from backend.app.models.spool_assignment import SpoolAssignment as SA

            result = await db.execute(select(SA).where(SA.printer_id == printer_id).options(selectinload(SA.spool)))
            stale = []
            for assignment in result.scalars().all():
                # External spool assignments (ams_id=255) live in vt_tray, not AMS data
                if assignment.ams_id == 255:
                    ps = printer_manager.get_status(printer_id)
                    vt_tray_raw = ps.raw_data.get("vt_tray", []) if ps else []
                    ext_id = assignment.tray_id + 254  # 0→254, 1→255
                    current_tray = None
                    for vt in vt_tray_raw:
                        if isinstance(vt, dict) and int(vt.get("id", 254)) == ext_id:
                            current_tray = vt
                            break
                    if not current_tray:
                        # vt_tray data may not have arrived yet — keep assignment
                        continue
                else:
                    current_tray = _find_tray_in_ams_data(ams_data, assignment.ams_id, assignment.tray_id)
                if not current_tray:
                    logger.info(
                        "Auto-unlink: spool %d AMS%d-T%d — tray not found in AMS data (slot empty?)",
                        assignment.spool_id,
                        assignment.ams_id,
                        assignment.tray_id,
                    )
                    stale.append(assignment)  # Slot empty
                elif _is_bambu_uuid(current_tray.get("tray_uuid", "")):
                    # A Bambu Lab spool is in this slot — check if it's the same spool
                    # that's currently assigned. If yes, keep the assignment (avoids
                    # unnecessary unlink/re-assign/ams_filament_setting cycle that clears
                    # the printer's filament preset on every startup).
                    tray_uuid = current_tray.get("tray_uuid", "")
                    tag_uid = current_tray.get("tag_uid", "")
                    spool = assignment.spool
                    spool_matches = False
                    if spool:
                        if (spool.tray_uuid and spool.tray_uuid.upper() == tray_uuid.upper()) or (
                            spool.tag_uid
                            and tag_uid
                            and tag_uid != "0000000000000000"
                            and spool.tag_uid.upper() == tag_uid.upper()
                        ):
                            spool_matches = True
                    if spool_matches:
                        # Same BL spool still in slot — keep assignment, update fingerprint if needed
                        cur_color = current_tray.get("tray_color", "")
                        cur_type = current_tray.get("tray_type", "")
                        fp_color = assignment.fingerprint_color or ""
                        fp_type = assignment.fingerprint_type or ""
                        if cur_color.upper() != fp_color.upper() or cur_type.upper() != fp_type.upper():
                            assignment.fingerprint_color = cur_color
                            assignment.fingerprint_type = cur_type
                            logger.debug(
                                "Auto-unlink: spool %d AMS%d-T%d — same BL spool, updated fingerprint",
                                assignment.spool_id,
                                assignment.ams_id,
                                assignment.tray_id,
                            )
                        continue
                    # Different BL spool or unrecognized — unlink so auto-assign can match
                    logger.info(
                        "Auto-unlink: spool %d AMS%d-T%d — different Bambu Lab spool detected (uuid=%s)",
                        assignment.spool_id,
                        assignment.ams_id,
                        assignment.tray_id,
                        tray_uuid,
                    )
                    stale.append(assignment)
                else:
                    cur_color = current_tray.get("tray_color", "")
                    cur_type = current_tray.get("tray_type", "")
                    fp_color = assignment.fingerprint_color or ""
                    fp_type = assignment.fingerprint_type or ""
                    if not _colors_similar(cur_color, fp_color) or cur_type.upper() != fp_type.upper():
                        # Fingerprint mismatch — but check if tray now matches the
                        # assigned spool (e.g. auto-configure changed the tray).
                        spool = assignment.spool
                        if spool:
                            spool_color = (spool.rgba or "FFFFFFFF").upper()
                            spool_type = (spool.material or "").upper()
                            if _colors_similar(cur_color, spool_color) and cur_type.upper() == spool_type:
                                # Tray was reconfigured to match the spool — update fingerprint
                                logger.info(
                                    "Auto-unlink: spool %d AMS%d-T%d — fingerprint mismatch but tray matches spool, updating fp",
                                    assignment.spool_id,
                                    assignment.ams_id,
                                    assignment.tray_id,
                                )
                                assignment.fingerprint_color = cur_color
                                assignment.fingerprint_type = cur_type
                                continue
                        logger.info(
                            "Auto-unlink: spool %d AMS%d-T%d — fingerprint mismatch (cur=%s/%s fp=%s/%s spool=%s/%s)",
                            assignment.spool_id,
                            assignment.ams_id,
                            assignment.tray_id,
                            cur_color,
                            cur_type,
                            fp_color,
                            fp_type,
                            spool.rgba if spool else "?",
                            spool.material if spool else "?",
                        )
                        stale.append(assignment)  # Spool changed
            for a in stale:
                await db.delete(a)
            if stale:
                logger.info("Auto-unlinked %d stale spool assignments for printer %d", len(stale), printer_id)
            # Commit any changes (stale deletions and/or fingerprint updates)
            await db.commit()
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("Spool assignment cleanup failed: %s", e, exc_info=True)

    # Auto-manage inventory spools from AMS tray data (skip if Spoolman manages AMS)
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting
            from backend.app.models.spool_assignment import SpoolAssignment as SA
            from backend.app.services.spool_tag_matcher import (
                auto_assign_spool,
                create_spool_from_tray,
                find_matching_untagged_spool,
                get_spool_by_tag,
                is_bambu_tag,
                is_valid_tag,
                link_tag_to_inventory_spool,
            )

            _spoolman_on = await get_setting(db, "spoolman_enabled")
            if not _spoolman_on or _spoolman_on.lower() != "true":
                for ams_unit in ams_data:
                    if not isinstance(ams_unit, dict):
                        continue
                    ams_id = int(ams_unit.get("id", 0))
                    for tray in ams_unit.get("tray", []):
                        if not isinstance(tray, dict):
                            continue
                        tray_id = int(tray.get("id", 0))
                        tag_uid = tray.get("tag_uid", "")
                        tray_uuid = tray.get("tray_uuid", "")
                        tray_info_idx = tray.get("tray_info_idx", "")
                        if not tray.get("tray_type"):
                            continue  # Empty slot
                        # Check if assignment already exists for this slot
                        existing = await db.execute(
                            select(SA)
                            .options(selectinload(SA.spool))
                            .where(SA.printer_id == printer_id, SA.ams_id == ams_id, SA.tray_id == tray_id)
                        )
                        existing_assignment = existing.scalar_one_or_none()
                        if existing_assignment:
                            # Sync spool weight_used from AMS remain — only INCREASE, never decrease.
                            # The AMS remain% is low-resolution (integer %, i.e. 10g steps for 1kg spool)
                            # and must not overwrite precise values from the usage tracker (3MF/G-code).
                            # Skip during active prints: the usage tracker handles deduction
                            # precisely via 3MF data on print completion. Without this guard the
                            # AMS remain% SET and the usage tracker ADD both fire from the same
                            # MQTT message, doubling the deduction (#880).
                            if _print_active:
                                continue
                            remain_raw = tray.get("remain")
                            if (
                                remain_raw is not None
                                and existing_assignment.spool
                                and not existing_assignment.spool.weight_locked
                            ):
                                try:
                                    remain_val = int(remain_raw)
                                except (TypeError, ValueError):
                                    remain_val = -1
                                if 1 <= remain_val <= 100:
                                    lw = existing_assignment.spool.label_weight or 1000
                                    new_used = round(lw * (100 - remain_val) / 100.0, 1)
                                    current_used = existing_assignment.spool.weight_used or 0
                                    if new_used > current_used + 1:
                                        logger.info(
                                            "Weight sync: spool %d weight_used %s -> %s (remain=%d)",
                                            existing_assignment.spool_id,
                                            current_used,
                                            new_used,
                                            remain_val,
                                        )
                                        existing_assignment.spool.weight_used = new_used
                                        await db.commit()
                            continue

                        if is_bambu_tag(tag_uid, tray_uuid, tray_info_idx):
                            # BL spool with RFID tag: auto-match → inventory match → auto-create
                            spool = await get_spool_by_tag(db, tag_uid, tray_uuid)
                            if not spool:
                                # Try matching an untagged inventory spool (same material/color)
                                spool = await find_matching_untagged_spool(db, tray)
                                if spool:
                                    await link_tag_to_inventory_spool(db, spool, tray)
                                else:
                                    spool = await create_spool_from_tray(db, tray)
                            await auto_assign_spool(
                                printer_id,
                                ams_id,
                                tray_id,
                                spool,
                                printer_manager,
                                db,
                                tray_info_idx=tray_info_idx,
                            )
                            await db.commit()
                            await ws_manager.broadcast(
                                {
                                    "type": "spool_auto_assigned",
                                    "printer_id": printer_id,
                                    "ams_id": ams_id,
                                    "tray_id": tray_id,
                                    "spool_id": spool.id,
                                }
                            )
                            logger.info(
                                "RFID auto-assigned spool %d to printer %d AMS%d-T%d",
                                spool.id,
                                printer_id,
                                ams_id,
                                tray_id,
                            )
                        elif is_valid_tag(tag_uid, tray_uuid):
                            # Non-BL spool with some tag — let user choose
                            await ws_manager.broadcast(
                                {
                                    "type": "unknown_tag",
                                    "printer_id": printer_id,
                                    "ams_id": ams_id,
                                    "tray_id": tray_id,
                                    "tag_uid": tag_uid,
                                    "tray_uuid": tray_uuid,
                                }
                            )
                        else:
                            # No tag at all — let user choose from inventory
                            await ws_manager.broadcast(
                                {
                                    "type": "unknown_tag",
                                    "printer_id": printer_id,
                                    "ams_id": ams_id,
                                    "tray_id": tray_id,
                                    "tag_uid": "",
                                    "tray_uuid": "",
                                }
                            )
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("RFID spool auto-assign failed: %s", e, exc_info=True)

    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting
            from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

            # Check if Spoolman is enabled
            spoolman_enabled = await get_setting(db, "spoolman_enabled")
            if not spoolman_enabled or spoolman_enabled.lower() != "true":
                return

            # Check sync mode
            sync_mode = await get_setting(db, "spoolman_sync_mode")
            if sync_mode and sync_mode != "auto":
                return  # Only sync on auto mode

            # Check if weight sync is disabled
            disable_weight_sync_str = await get_setting(db, "spoolman_disable_weight_sync")
            disable_weight_sync = disable_weight_sync_str and disable_weight_sync_str.lower() == "true"

            # Get Spoolman URL
            spoolman_url = await get_setting(db, "spoolman_url")
            if not spoolman_url:
                return

            # Get or create Spoolman client
            client = await get_spoolman_client()
            if not client:
                client = await init_spoolman_client(spoolman_url)

            # Check if Spoolman is reachable
            if not await client.health_check():
                logger.warning("Spoolman not reachable at %s", spoolman_url)
                return

            # Get printer name for location
            result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
            printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
            printer_name = printer.name if printer else f"Printer {printer_id}"

            # OPTIMIZATION: Fetch all spools once before processing trays
            # This eliminates redundant API calls (one per tray) when syncing multiple trays
            logger.debug("[Printer %s] Fetching spools cache for AMS sync...", printer_id)
            try:
                cached_spools = await client.get_spools()
                logger.debug("[Printer %s] Cached %d spools for batch sync", printer_id, len(cached_spools))
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(
                    "[Printer %s] Failed to fetch spools cache after retries, aborting AMS sync: %s",
                    printer_id,
                    e,
                )
                return

            # Load inventory weights as fallback (when AMS MQTT data lacks remain values)
            from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload

            from backend.app.models.spool_assignment import SpoolAssignment

            inventory_weights: dict[tuple[int, int], float] = {}
            try:
                assign_result = await db.execute(
                    select(SpoolAssignment)
                    .options(selectinload(SpoolAssignment.spool))
                    .where(SpoolAssignment.printer_id == printer_id)
                )
                for assignment in assign_result.scalars().all():
                    spool = assignment.spool
                    if spool and spool.label_weight > 0:
                        remaining = max(0.0, spool.label_weight - (spool.weight_used or 0))
                        inventory_weights[(assignment.ams_id, assignment.tray_id)] = remaining
            except Exception as e:
                logger.debug("Could not load inventory weights for printer %s: %s", printer_id, e)

            # Sync each AMS tray, tracking UUIDs and spool IDs for cleanup
            synced = 0
            current_tray_uuids: set[str] = set()
            synced_spool_ids: set[int] = set()
            for ams_unit in ams_data:
                ams_id = int(ams_unit.get("id", 0))
                trays = ams_unit.get("tray", [])

                for tray_data in trays:
                    tray = client.parse_ams_tray(ams_id, tray_data)
                    if not tray:
                        continue  # Empty tray

                    # Track this spool's UUID as currently present in the AMS
                    spool_tag = (
                        tray.tray_uuid
                        if tray.tray_uuid and tray.tray_uuid != "00000000000000000000000000000000"
                        else tray.tag_uid
                    )
                    if spool_tag:
                        current_tray_uuids.add(spool_tag.upper())

                    try:
                        inv_remaining = inventory_weights.get((ams_id, tray.tray_id))
                        result = await client.sync_ams_tray(
                            tray,
                            printer_name,
                            disable_weight_sync=disable_weight_sync,
                            cached_spools=cached_spools,
                            inventory_remaining=inv_remaining,
                        )
                        if result:
                            synced += 1
                            if result.get("id"):
                                synced_spool_ids.add(result["id"])
                                # If a new spool was created, add it to the cache
                                # so subsequent trays can find it if they reference the same tag
                                # Check if this spool already exists in cache
                                spool_exists = any(s.get("id") == result["id"] for s in cached_spools)
                                if not spool_exists:
                                    cached_spools.append(result)
                                    logger.debug(
                                        "[Printer %s] Added newly created spool %s to cache",
                                        printer_id,
                                        result["id"],
                                    )
                    except Exception as e:
                        logger.error("Error syncing AMS %s tray %s: %s", ams_id, tray.tray_id, e)

            if synced > 0:
                logger.info("Auto-synced %s AMS trays to Spoolman for printer %s", synced, printer_id)

            # Clear location for spools no longer in this printer's AMS
            try:
                cleared = await client.clear_location_for_removed_spools(
                    printer_name, current_tray_uuids, cached_spools=cached_spools, synced_spool_ids=synced_spool_ids
                )
                if cleared > 0:
                    logger.info("Auto-cleared location for %s spools removed from printer %s", cleared, printer_id)
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error("Error clearing locations for removed spools on printer %s: %s", printer_id, e)

    except Exception as e:
        logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(f"Spoolman AMS sync failed: {e}")


async def _capture_snapshot_for_notification(printer_id: int, printer, logger) -> bytes | None:
    """Capture a camera snapshot for notification image attachment.

    Returns JPEG bytes (max 2.5MB) or None if capture fails or is unavailable.
    Uses: external camera > buffered frame > fresh capture.
    """
    if not printer:
        return None

    try:
        from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting

        async with async_session() as db:
            capture_enabled = await get_setting(db, "capture_finish_photo")

        if capture_enabled is not None and capture_enabled.lower() != "true":
            return None

        # Try external camera first
        if printer.external_camera_enabled and printer.external_camera_url:
            logger.info("[SNAPSHOT] Capturing from external camera for printer %s", printer_id)
            from backend.app.services.external_camera import capture_frame

            frame_data = await capture_frame(printer.external_camera_url, printer.external_camera_type or "mjpeg")
            if frame_data and len(frame_data) <= 2_500_000:
                logger.info("[SNAPSHOT] External camera frame: %s bytes", len(frame_data))
                return _apply_camera_rotation(frame_data, printer, logger)

        # Try buffered frame from active stream
        from backend.app.api.routes.camera import _active_chamber_streams, _active_streams, get_buffered_frame

        active_for_printer = [k for k in _active_streams if k.startswith(f"{printer_id}-")]
        active_chamber = [k for k in _active_chamber_streams if k.startswith(f"{printer_id}-")]
        buffered_frame = get_buffered_frame(printer_id)

        if (active_for_printer or active_chamber) and buffered_frame:
            logger.info("[SNAPSHOT] Using buffered frame for printer %s: %s bytes", printer_id, len(buffered_frame))
            if len(buffered_frame) <= 2_500_000:
                return _apply_camera_rotation(buffered_frame, printer, logger)

        # Fresh capture from printer camera
        logger.info("[SNAPSHOT] Capturing fresh frame for printer %s", printer_id)
        from backend.app.services.camera import capture_camera_frame_bytes

        frame_data = await capture_camera_frame_bytes(
            printer.ip_address, printer.access_code, printer.model, timeout=15
        )
        if frame_data and len(frame_data) <= 2_500_000:
            logger.info("[SNAPSHOT] Fresh camera frame: %s bytes", len(frame_data))
            return _apply_camera_rotation(frame_data, printer, logger)

    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("[SNAPSHOT] Failed to capture snapshot for printer %s: %s", printer_id, e)

    return None


def _apply_camera_rotation(image_data: bytes, printer, logger) -> bytes:
    """Apply camera rotation to snapshot image if configured."""
    rotation = getattr(printer, "camera_rotation", 0)
    if not rotation or rotation == 0:
        return image_data

    try:
        from io import BytesIO

        from PIL import Image

        img = Image.open(BytesIO(image_data))
        # PIL rotate is counter-clockwise, so negate for clockwise rotation
        img = img.rotate(-rotation, expand=True)
        buf = BytesIO()
        img.save(buf, format="JPEG", quality=90)
        rotated = buf.getvalue()
        logger.info("[SNAPSHOT] Applied %d° rotation: %s → %s bytes", rotation, len(image_data), len(rotated))
        return rotated
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("[SNAPSHOT] Failed to apply rotation: %s", e)
        return image_data


async def _send_print_start_notification(
    printer_id: int,
    data: dict,
    archive_data: dict | None = None,
    logger=None,
):
    """Helper to send print start notification with optional archive data."""
    if logger is None:
        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

            result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
            printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
            printer_name = printer.name if printer else f"Printer {printer_id}"

            # Capture camera snapshot for notification image attachment
            image_data = await _capture_snapshot_for_notification(printer_id, printer, logger)
            if image_data:
                if archive_data is None:
                    archive_data = {}
                archive_data["image_data"] = image_data

            await notification_service.on_print_start(printer_id, printer_name, data, db, archive_data=archive_data)

            # Send user-specific email notification for print start
            if archive_data and archive_data.get("created_by_id"):
                await notification_service.send_user_print_email(
                    event_type="user_print_start",
                    created_by_id=archive_data["created_by_id"],
                    printer_name=printer_name,
                    filename=data.get("subtask_name") or data.get("filename", "Unknown"),
                    db=db,
                )
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("Notification on_print_start failed: %s", e)


async def _dispatch_user_print_email(
    status: str,
    created_by_id: int | None,
    printer_name: str,
    filename: str,
    db,
) -> None:
    """Send a user-specific print-completion email based on print status.

    Maps the normalised print status to the correct event type and delegates
    to :meth:`NotificationService.send_user_print_email`.  A single helper
    avoids duplicating the ``if status == "completed" / elif "failed" / elif
    "stopped"`` dispatch block at every call site.

    Does nothing if *created_by_id* is ``None``.
    """
    if created_by_id is None:
        return
    if status == "completed":
        event_type = "user_print_complete"
    elif status == "failed":
        event_type = "user_print_failed"
    elif status in ("stopped", "aborted", "cancelled"):
        event_type = "user_print_stopped"
    else:
        return
    await notification_service.send_user_print_email(
        event_type=event_type,
        created_by_id=created_by_id,
        printer_name=printer_name,
        filename=filename,
        db=db,
    )


def _load_objects_from_archive(archive, printer_id: int, logger) -> None:
    """Extract printable objects from an archive's 3MF file and store in printer state."""
    try:
        from backend.app.services.archive import extract_printable_objects_from_3mf

        file_path = app_settings.base_dir / archive.file_path
        if file_path.is_file() and str(file_path).endswith(".3mf"):
            with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
                threemf_data = f.read()
            # Extract with positions for UI overlay
            printable_objects, bbox_all = extract_printable_objects_from_3mf(threemf_data, include_positions=True)
            if printable_objects:
                client = printer_manager.get_client(printer_id)
                if client:
                    client.state.printable_objects = printable_objects
                    client.state.printable_objects_bbox_all = bbox_all
                    client.state.skipped_objects = []
                    logger.info("Loaded %s printable objects for printer %s", len(printable_objects), printer_id)
    except Exception as e:
        logger.debug("Failed to extract printable objects from archive: %s", e)


async def on_print_start(printer_id: int, data: dict):
    """Handle print start - archive the 3MF file immediately."""
    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    logger.info("[CALLBACK] on_print_start called for printer %s, data keys: %s", printer_id, list(data.keys()))

    # Clear any stale user-stopped flag from previous print cycles
    _user_stopped_printers.discard(printer_id)

    # Cancel any active bed cooldown waiter for this printer
    if _bed_cool_waiters.pop(printer_id, None):
        logger.info("[BED-COOL] Cancelled bed cooldown waiter for printer %s (new print started)", printer_id)

    # Clear cached cover images so the new print's thumbnail is fetched fresh
    from backend.app.api.routes.printers import clear_cover_cache

    clear_cover_cache(printer_id)

    await ws_manager.send_print_start(printer_id, data)

    # Notify when the print-start AMS mapping references tray slots without spool assignments.
    await notify_missing_spool_assignments_on_print_start(printer_id, data, logger)

    # MQTT relay - publish print start
    try:
        printer_info = printer_manager.get_printer(printer_id)
        if printer_info:
            await mqtt_relay.on_print_start(
                printer_id,
                printer_info.name,
                printer_info.serial_number,
                data.get("filename", ""),
                data.get("subtask_name", ""),
            )
    except Exception:
        pass  # Don't fail print start callback if MQTT fails

    # Capture AMS tray remain% for filament consumption tracking (skip if Spoolman handles usage)
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting

            _spoolman_on = await get_setting(db, "spoolman_enabled")
            if not _spoolman_on or _spoolman_on.lower() != "true":
                from backend.app.services.usage_tracker import on_print_start as usage_on_print_start

                await usage_on_print_start(printer_id, data, printer_manager, db=db)
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("Usage tracker on_print_start failed: %s", e)

    # Track if notification was sent (to avoid sending twice)
    notification_sent = False

    # Smart plug automation: turn on plug when print starts
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            await smart_plug_manager.on_print_start(printer_id, db)
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("Smart plug on_print_start failed: %s", e)

    async with async_session() as db:
        from backend.app.models.printer import Printer
        from backend.app.services.bambu_ftp import list_files_async

        result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
        printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()

        # Plate detection check - pause if objects detected on build plate
        logger.info(
            f"[PLATE CHECK] printer_id={printer_id}, plate_detection_enabled={printer.plate_detection_enabled if printer else 'NO PRINTER'}"
        )
        if printer and printer.plate_detection_enabled:
            logger.info("[PLATE CHECK] ENTERING plate detection code for printer %s", printer_id)
            try:
                from backend.app.services.plate_detection import check_plate_empty

                # Build ROI tuple from printer settings if available
                roi = None
                if all(
                    [
                        printer.plate_detection_roi_x is not None,
                        printer.plate_detection_roi_y is not None,
                        printer.plate_detection_roi_w is not None,
                        printer.plate_detection_roi_h is not None,
                    ]
                ):
                    roi = (
                        printer.plate_detection_roi_x,
                        printer.plate_detection_roi_y,
                        printer.plate_detection_roi_w,
                        printer.plate_detection_roi_h,
                    )

                # Auto-turn on chamber light if it's off for better detection
                light_was_off = False
                client = printer_manager.get_client(printer_id)
                if client and client.state:
                    light_was_off = not client.state.chamber_light
                    if light_was_off:
                        logger.info("[PLATE CHECK] Turning on chamber light for printer %s", printer_id)
                        client.set_chamber_light(True)
                        # Wait for light to physically turn on and camera to adjust exposure
                        await asyncio.sleep(2.5)

                logger.info("[PLATE CHECK] Running plate detection for printer %s", printer_id)
                plate_result = await check_plate_empty(
                    printer_id=printer_id,
                    ip_address=printer.ip_address,
                    access_code=printer.access_code,
                    model=printer.model,
                    include_debug_image=False,
                    external_camera_url=printer.external_camera_url,
                    external_camera_type=printer.external_camera_type,
                    use_external=printer.external_camera_enabled,
                    roi=roi,
                )

                # Restore chamber light to original state
                if light_was_off and client:
                    logger.info("[PLATE CHECK] Restoring chamber light to off for printer %s", printer_id)
                    client.set_chamber_light(False)

                if not plate_result.needs_calibration and not plate_result.is_empty:
                    # Objects detected - pause the print!
                    logger.warning(
                        f"[PLATE CHECK] Objects detected on plate for printer {printer_id}! "
                        f"Confidence: {plate_result.confidence:.0%}, Diff: {plate_result.difference_percent:.1f}%"
                    )
                    client = printer_manager.get_client(printer_id)
                    if client:
                        client.pause_print()
                        logger.info("[PLATE CHECK] Print paused for printer %s", printer_id)

                    # Send notification about plate not empty
                    await ws_manager.broadcast(
                        {
                            "type": "plate_not_empty",
                            "printer_id": printer_id,
                            "printer_name": printer.name,
                            "message": f"Objects detected on build plate! Print paused. (Diff: {plate_result.difference_percent:.1f}%)",
                        }
                    )

                    # Also send push notification
                    try:
                        await notification_service.on_plate_not_empty(
                            printer_id=printer_id,
                            printer_name=printer.name,
                            db=db,
                            difference_percent=plate_result.difference_percent,
                        )
                    except Exception as notif_err:
                        logger.warning("[PLATE CHECK] Failed to send notification: %s", notif_err)
                else:
                    logger.info("[PLATE CHECK] Plate is empty for printer %s, proceeding with print", printer_id)
            except Exception as plate_err:
                # Don't block print on plate detection errors
                logger.warning("[PLATE CHECK] Plate detection failed for printer %s: %s", printer_id, plate_err)

        if not printer:
            logger.info("[CALLBACK] Skipping archive - printer not found in database")
            if not notification_sent:
                await _send_print_start_notification(printer_id, data, logger=logger)
            return

        if not printer.auto_archive:
            # auto-archive disabled — check if there's an expected print (dispatched
            # by BamBuddy via queue/reprint) that already has an archive to promote.
            # If so, fall through to the expected-print handling below so the archive
            # is tracked in _active_prints and usage tracking works at completion.
            _fn = data.get("filename", "")
            _sn = data.get("subtask_name", "")
            _check_keys: list[tuple[int, str]] = []
            if _sn:
                _check_keys += [
                    (printer_id, _sn),
                    (printer_id, f"{_sn}.3mf"),
                    (printer_id, f"{_sn}.gcode.3mf"),
                ]
            if _fn:
                _base_fn = _fn.split("/")[-1] if "/" in _fn else _fn
                _check_keys.append((printer_id, _base_fn))
                _no_archive_base = _base_fn.replace(".gcode", "").replace(".3mf", "")
                _check_keys += [
                    (printer_id, _no_archive_base),
                    (printer_id, f"{_no_archive_base}.3mf"),
                ]

            _has_expected = any(k in _expected_prints for k in _check_keys)

            if not _has_expected:
                # No expected print — truly external print (started from slicer/touchscreen)
                logger.info("[CALLBACK] Skipping archive - auto_archive: False, no expected print")
                if not notification_sent:
                    _no_archive_creator: int | None = None
                    for _key in _check_keys:
                        _expected_prints.pop(_key, None)
                        _expected_print_registered_at.pop(_key, None)
                        popped_creator = _expected_print_creators.pop(_key, None)
                        if _no_archive_creator is None:
                            _no_archive_creator = popped_creator
                    _creator_data = {"created_by_id": _no_archive_creator} if _no_archive_creator else None
                    await _send_print_start_notification(printer_id, data, _creator_data, logger)
                return
            else:
                logger.info("[CALLBACK] auto_archive disabled but expected print found — promoting archive")

        # Get the filename and subtask_name
        filename = data.get("filename", "")
        subtask_name = data.get("subtask_name", "")

        # MQTT subtask_id uniquely identifies a print job on the printer. When
        # present, it lets us match an archive across a backend restart (#972):
        # same id → same print → resume the existing row instead of cancelling
        # it and recreating from scratch (which loses started_at). Treat "0"
        # and "" as absent — Bambu reports "0" for non-cloud / local prints.
        raw_mqtt = data.get("raw_data") or {}
        subtask_id = raw_mqtt.get("subtask_id")
        if subtask_id is not None:
            subtask_id = str(subtask_id).strip()
            if subtask_id in ("", "0"):
                subtask_id = None

        logger.info("[CALLBACK] Print start detected - filename: %s, subtask: %s", filename, subtask_name)

        # Skip calibration prints — internal printer files should not be archived
        # Bambu calibration gcode lives under /usr/ (e.g. /usr/etc/print/auto_cali_for_user.gcode)
        if filename and filename.startswith("/usr/"):
            logger.info("[CALLBACK] Skipping archive — internal printer file detected: %s", filename)
            if not notification_sent:
                await _send_print_start_notification(printer_id, data, logger=logger)
            return

        if not filename and not subtask_name:
            # Send notification without archive data (no filename)
            logger.info("[CALLBACK] Skipping archive - no filename or subtask_name")
            if not notification_sent:
                await _send_print_start_notification(printer_id, data, logger=logger)
            return

        # Check if this is an expected print from reprint/scheduled
        # Build list of possible keys to check
        expected_keys = []
        if subtask_name:
            expected_keys.append((printer_id, subtask_name))
            expected_keys.append((printer_id, f"{subtask_name}.3mf"))
            expected_keys.append((printer_id, f"{subtask_name}.gcode.3mf"))
        if filename:
            fname = filename.split("/")[-1] if "/" in filename else filename
            expected_keys.append((printer_id, fname))
            # Strip extensions to match
            base = fname.replace(".gcode", "").replace(".3mf", "")
            expected_keys.append((printer_id, base))
            expected_keys.append((printer_id, f"{base}.3mf"))

        expected_archive_id = None
        for key in expected_keys:
            expected_archive_id = _expected_prints.pop(key, None)
            _expected_print_registered_at.pop(key, None)
            if expected_archive_id:
                # Clean up other possible keys for this print
                for other_key in expected_keys:
                    _expected_prints.pop(other_key, None)
                    _expected_print_registered_at.pop(other_key, None)
                break

        if expected_archive_id:
            # This is a reprint/scheduled print - use existing archive, don't create new one
            logger.info("Using expected archive %s for print (skipping duplicate)", expected_archive_id)
            from backend.app.models.archive import PrintArchive

            result = await db.execute(select(PrintArchive).where(PrintArchive.id == expected_archive_id))
            archive = result.scalar_one_or_none()

            if archive:
                # Update archive status to printing
                archive.status = "printing"
                archive.started_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                if subtask_id and not archive.subtask_id:
                    archive.subtask_id = subtask_id
                await db.commit()

                # Track as active print
                _active_prints[(printer_id, archive.filename)] = archive.id
                if subtask_name:
                    _active_prints[(printer_id, f"{subtask_name}.3mf")] = archive.id

                # Inject ams_mapping into usage tracker session — the session was created
                # before expected-print promotion, so it may have ams_mapping=None when
                # the MQTT request topic subscription failed (common on P1S/A1).
                _stored_map = _print_ams_mappings.get(expected_archive_id)
                if _stored_map:
                    try:
                        from backend.app.services.usage_tracker import _active_sessions

                        _ut_session = _active_sessions.get(printer_id)
                        if _ut_session and not _ut_session.ams_mapping:
                            _ut_session.ams_mapping = _stored_map
                            logger.info("[CALLBACK] Injected ams_mapping into usage tracker session: %s", _stored_map)
                    except Exception:
                        pass

                # Set up energy tracking (#941: persist start on archive row)
                await _record_energy_start(archive, printer_id, db, context="expected-print")

                await ws_manager.send_archive_updated(
                    {
                        "id": archive.id,
                        "status": "printing",
                    }
                )

                # Send notification with archive data (reprint/scheduled)
                if not notification_sent:
                    # Use archive's created_by_id; fall back to the creator registered via
                    # register_expected_print (handles library-file-based queue items where
                    # the freshly-created archive has no created_by_id yet).
                    # Pop ALL matching keys so no stale entries remain in the dict.
                    fallback_creator = None
                    for key in expected_keys:
                        popped = _expected_print_creators.pop(key, None)
                        if fallback_creator is None:
                            fallback_creator = popped
                    archive_data = {
                        "print_time_seconds": archive.print_time_seconds,
                        "created_by_id": archive.created_by_id or fallback_creator,
                    }
                    await _send_print_start_notification(printer_id, data, archive_data, logger)

                # Extract printable objects from the archived 3MF file
                _load_objects_from_archive(archive, printer_id, logger)

                # Store Spoolman tracking data for per-filament usage reporting
                try:
                    await _store_spoolman_print_data(
                        printer_id,
                        archive.id,
                        archive.file_path,
                        db,
                        printer_manager,
                        ams_mapping=_get_start_ams_mapping(data, archive.id),
                    )
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.warning("[SPOOLMAN] Failed to store tracking data: %s", e)

            return  # Skip creating a new archive

        # Check if there's already a "printing" archive for this printer/file
        # This prevents duplicates when backend restarts during an active print
        from backend.app.models.archive import PrintArchive

        existing_archive: PrintArchive | None = None

        # Preferred match: subtask_id equality. MQTT reports the same subtask_id
        # across a backend restart for the same print, so this is the most
        # reliable way to reattach. We also accept a previously stale-cancelled
        # archive here so users upgrading mid-print get revived when the row
        # their earlier Bambuddy version wrongly cancelled reappears (#972).
        if subtask_id:
            by_id = await db.execute(
                select(PrintArchive)
                .where(PrintArchive.printer_id == printer_id)
                .where(PrintArchive.subtask_id == subtask_id)
                .where(PrintArchive.status.in_(["printing", "cancelled"]))
                .order_by(PrintArchive.created_at.desc())
                .limit(1)
            )
            candidate = by_id.scalar_one_or_none()
            if candidate and (candidate.status == "printing" or (candidate.failure_reason or "").startswith("Stale")):
                existing_archive = candidate

        # Fallback match: name-based lookup. Kept as-is for prints whose
        # subtask_id is missing ("0" / local / non-cloud prints).
        if existing_archive is None:
            check_name = subtask_name or filename.split("/")[-1].replace(".gcode", "").replace(".3mf", "")
            existing = await db.execute(
                select(PrintArchive)
                .where(PrintArchive.printer_id == printer_id)
                .where(PrintArchive.status == "printing")
                .where(
                    or_(
                        PrintArchive.print_name == check_name,
                        PrintArchive.filename.in_(
                            [
                                f"{check_name}.3mf",
                                f"{check_name}.gcode.3mf",
                            ]
                        ),
                    )
                )
                .order_by(PrintArchive.created_at.desc())
                .limit(1)
            )
            existing_archive = existing.scalar_one_or_none()

        if existing_archive:
            # subtask_id match → always resume, regardless of age. Same print,
            # just a backend restart. Revive if it was previously stale-cancelled.
            subtask_match = bool(subtask_id and existing_archive.subtask_id == subtask_id)

            if subtask_match:
                if existing_archive.status == "cancelled":
                    logger.warning(
                        "Reviving stale-cancelled archive %s — matching subtask_id %s confirms same print (#972)",
                        existing_archive.id,
                        subtask_id,
                    )
                    existing_archive.status = "printing"
                    existing_archive.failure_reason = None
                    await db.commit()
                else:
                    logger.info("Resuming archive %s on subtask_id match (%s)", existing_archive.id, subtask_id)
                _active_prints[(printer_id, existing_archive.filename)] = existing_archive.id
                if existing_archive.energy_start_kwh is None:
                    await _record_energy_start(existing_archive, printer_id, db, context="subtask-resume")
                if not notification_sent:
                    archive_data = {
                        "print_time_seconds": existing_archive.print_time_seconds,
                        "created_by_id": existing_archive.created_by_id,
                    }
                    await _send_print_start_notification(printer_id, data, archive_data, logger)
                _load_objects_from_archive(existing_archive, printer_id, logger)
                return

            # Name-match only: fall back to the legacy 4h staleness heuristic.
            archive_age = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - existing_archive.created_at.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
            if archive_age.total_seconds() > 4 * 60 * 60:  # 4 hours
                logger.warning(
                    f"Found stale 'printing' archive {existing_archive.id} (age: {archive_age}), "
                    f"marking as cancelled and creating new archive"
                )
                existing_archive.status = "cancelled"
                existing_archive.failure_reason = "Stale - print likely cancelled or failed without status update"
                await db.commit()
                # Fall through to create new archive (don't return)
                _existing_archive = None  # Clear so we don't use stale archive
            else:
                logger.info(
                    f"Skipping duplicate - already have printing archive {existing_archive.id} for {check_name}"
                )
                # Track this as the active print
                _active_prints[(printer_id, existing_archive.filename)] = existing_archive.id
                # Attach subtask_id retroactively so future restarts can resume
                if subtask_id and not existing_archive.subtask_id:
                    existing_archive.subtask_id = subtask_id
                    await db.commit()
                # Also set up energy tracking if not already tracked (#941: persisted column)
                if existing_archive.energy_start_kwh is None:
                    await _record_energy_start(existing_archive, printer_id, db, context="existing-printing")
                # Send notification with archive data (existing archive)
                if not notification_sent:
                    archive_data = {
                        "print_time_seconds": existing_archive.print_time_seconds,
                        "created_by_id": existing_archive.created_by_id,
                    }
                    await _send_print_start_notification(printer_id, data, archive_data, logger)
                # Extract printable objects from the archived 3MF file
                _load_objects_from_archive(existing_archive, printer_id, logger)
                return

        # Build list of possible 3MF filenames to try
        possible_names = []

        # Bambu printers typically store files as "Name.gcode.3mf"
        # The subtask_name is usually the best source for the filename
        if subtask_name:
            # Try common Bambu naming patterns
            possible_names.append(f"{subtask_name}.gcode.3mf")
            possible_names.append(f"{subtask_name}.3mf")

        # Try original filename with .3mf extension
        if filename:
            # Extract just the filename part, not the full path
            fname = filename.split("/")[-1] if "/" in filename else filename
            if fname.endswith(".3mf"):
                possible_names.append(fname)
            elif fname.endswith(".gcode"):
                base = fname.rsplit(".", 1)[0]
                possible_names.append(f"{base}.gcode.3mf")
                possible_names.append(f"{base}.3mf")
            else:
                possible_names.append(f"{fname}.gcode.3mf")
                possible_names.append(f"{fname}.3mf")

        # Also try with spaces converted to underscores (Bambu Studio may normalize filenames)
        space_variants = []
        for name in possible_names:
            if " " in name:
                space_variants.append(name.replace(" ", "_"))
        possible_names.extend(space_variants)

        # Remove duplicates while preserving order
        seen = set()
        possible_names = [x for x in possible_names if not (x in seen or seen.add(x))]

        logger.info("Trying filenames: %s", possible_names)

        # Try to find and download the 3MF file
        temp_path = None
        downloaded_filename = None

        # Cache check: cover endpoint may have already pulled this 3MF during
        # the print (frontend opens the card and shows the thumbnail) — reuse
        # that file instead of re-downloading 36MB over the same FTP link that
        # just served it (#972). The cache keys on a normalized filename so
        # variants like "X", "X.3mf", "X.gcode.3mf" all collapse to one entry.
        for try_filename in possible_names:
            if not try_filename.endswith(".3mf"):
                continue
            cached = get_cached_3mf(printer_id, try_filename)
            if cached:
                logger.info("Reusing cached 3MF from %s (avoided duplicate FTP)", cached)
                temp_path = cached
                downloaded_filename = try_filename
                break

        # Get FTP retry settings
        ftp_retry_enabled, ftp_retry_count, ftp_retry_delay, ftp_timeout = await get_ftp_retry_settings()

        for try_filename in possible_names if not downloaded_filename else []:
            if not try_filename.endswith(".3mf"):
                continue

            # Root (/) is where BambuStudio/OrcaSlicer uploads land on A1/P1-series
            # printers, so try it first — deferring it to last cost #972's reporter
            # ~48 minutes of retries on /cache//model//data//data/Metadata before
            # landing on the path that actually had the file.
            remote_paths = [
                f"/{try_filename}",
                f"/cache/{try_filename}",
                f"/model/{try_filename}",
                f"/data/{try_filename}",
                f"/data/Metadata/{try_filename}",
            ]

            temp_path = app_settings.archive_dir / "temp" / try_filename
            temp_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

            for remote_path in remote_paths:
                logger.debug("Trying FTP download: %s", remote_path)
                try:
                    if ftp_retry_enabled:
                        downloaded = await with_ftp_retry(
                            download_file_async,
                            printer.ip_address,
                            printer.access_code,
                            remote_path,
                            temp_path,
                            timeout=ftp_timeout,
                            socket_timeout=ftp_timeout,
                            printer_model=printer.model,
                            max_retries=ftp_retry_count,
                            retry_delay=ftp_retry_delay,
                            operation_name=f"Download 3MF from {remote_path}",
                            non_retry_exceptions=(FileNotOnPrinterError,),
                        )
                    else:
                        downloaded = await download_file_async(
                            printer.ip_address,
                            printer.access_code,
                            remote_path,
                            temp_path,
                            timeout=ftp_timeout,
                            socket_timeout=ftp_timeout,
                            printer_model=printer.model,
                        )
                    if downloaded:
                        downloaded_filename = try_filename
                        logger.info("Downloaded: %s", remote_path)
                        # Populate shared cache so the cover endpoint (if it
                        # runs next) doesn't refetch the same 36MB over FTP.
                        cache_3mf_download(printer_id, try_filename, temp_path)
                        break
                except FileNotOnPrinterError:
                    # 550 — file isn't at this path. Advance to next candidate
                    # without burning the retry budget.
                    logger.debug("3MF not at %s (550), trying next path", remote_path)
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.debug("FTP download failed for %s: %s", remote_path, e)

            if downloaded_filename:
                break

        # If still not found, try listing directories to find matching file
        # Different printer models use different directory structures
        if not downloaded_filename and (filename or subtask_name):
            search_term = (subtask_name or filename).lower().replace(".gcode", "").replace(".3mf", "")
            logger.info("Direct FTP download failed, searching directories for '%s'", search_term)
            search_dirs = ["/cache", "/model", "/data", "/data/Metadata", "/"]
            for search_dir in search_dirs:
                if downloaded_filename:
                    break
                try:
                    dir_files = await list_files_async(
                        printer.ip_address, printer.access_code, search_dir, printer_model=printer.model
                    )
                    threemf_files = [f.get("name") for f in dir_files if f.get("name", "").endswith(".3mf")]
                    if threemf_files:
                        logger.info(
                            f"Found {len(threemf_files)} 3MF files in {search_dir}: {threemf_files[:5]}{'...' if len(threemf_files) > 5 else ''}"
                        )
                    for f in dir_files:
                        if f.get("is_directory"):
                            continue
                        fname = f.get("name", "")
                        # Normalize both for comparison (spaces and underscores are equivalent)
                        fname_normalized = fname.lower().replace(" ", "_")
                        search_normalized = search_term.replace(" ", "_")
                        if fname.endswith(".3mf") and search_normalized in fname_normalized:
                            logger.info("Found matching file in %s: %s", search_dir, fname)
                            temp_path = app_settings.archive_dir / "temp" / fname
                            temp_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                            remote_full_path = posixpath.join(search_dir, fname)
                            if ftp_retry_enabled:
                                downloaded = await with_ftp_retry(
                                    download_file_async,
                                    printer.ip_address,
                                    printer.access_code,
                                    remote_full_path,
                                    temp_path,
                                    timeout=ftp_timeout,
                                    socket_timeout=ftp_timeout,
                                    printer_model=printer.model,
                                    max_retries=ftp_retry_count,
                                    retry_delay=ftp_retry_delay,
                                    operation_name=f"Download 3MF from {remote_full_path}",
                                )
                            else:
                                downloaded = await download_file_async(
                                    printer.ip_address,
                                    printer.access_code,
                                    remote_full_path,
                                    temp_path,
                                    timeout=ftp_timeout,
                                    socket_timeout=ftp_timeout,
                                    printer_model=printer.model,
                                )
                            if downloaded:
                                downloaded_filename = fname
                                logger.info("Found and downloaded from %s: %s", search_dir, fname)
                                cache_3mf_download(printer_id, fname, temp_path)
                                break
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.debug("Failed to list %s: %s", search_dir, e)

        if not downloaded_filename or not temp_path:
            logger.warning("Could not find 3MF file for print: %s", filename or subtask_name)
            # Create a fallback archive without 3MF data so the print is still tracked
            # This commonly happens with P1S/A1 printers where FTP has file size limitations
            try:
                from backend.app.models.archive import PrintArchive

                # Derive print name from subtask_name or filename
                print_name = subtask_name or filename
                if print_name:
                    # Clean up the name (remove extensions, path parts)
                    print_name = print_name.split("/")[-1]
                    print_name = print_name.replace(".gcode.3mf", "").replace(".gcode", "").replace(".3mf", "")
                else:
                    print_name = "Unknown Print"

                # Recover estimated print time from MQTT (best-effort for notifications)
                fallback_print_time = None
                mqtt_remaining = data.get("remaining_time")
                if mqtt_remaining and isinstance(mqtt_remaining, (int, float)) and mqtt_remaining > 0:
                    fallback_print_time = int(mqtt_remaining)
                if fallback_print_time is None:
                    mc_remaining = (data.get("raw_data") or {}).get("mc_remaining_time")
                    if mc_remaining and isinstance(mc_remaining, (int, float)) and mc_remaining > 0:
                        fallback_print_time = int(mc_remaining * 60)

                # Create minimal archive entry
                fallback_archive = PrintArchive(
                    printer_id=printer_id,
                    filename=filename or f"{print_name}.3mf",
                    file_path="",  # Empty - no 3MF file available
                    file_size=0,
                    print_name=print_name,
                    print_time_seconds=fallback_print_time,
                    status="printing",
                    started_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc),
                    subtask_id=subtask_id,
                    extra_data={"no_3mf_available": True, "original_subtask": subtask_name, "_print_data": data},
                )

                db.add(fallback_archive)
                await db.commit()
                await db.refresh(fallback_archive)

                logger.info("Created fallback archive %s for %s (no 3MF available)", fallback_archive.id, print_name)

                # Start timelapse session if external camera is enabled
                if printer.external_camera_enabled and printer.external_camera_url:
                    from backend.app.services.layer_timelapse import start_session

                    start_session(
                        printer_id,
                        fallback_archive.id,
                        printer.external_camera_url,
                        printer.external_camera_type or "mjpeg",
                    )
                    logger.info("Started layer timelapse for printer %s, archive %s", printer_id, fallback_archive.id)

                # Track as active print
                _active_prints[(printer_id, fallback_archive.filename)] = fallback_archive.id
                if filename:
                    _active_prints[(printer_id, filename)] = fallback_archive.id
                if subtask_name:
                    _active_prints[(printer_id, f"{subtask_name}.3mf")] = fallback_archive.id
                    _active_prints[(printer_id, subtask_name)] = fallback_archive.id

                # Record starting energy if smart plug available (#941: persisted column)
                await _record_energy_start(fallback_archive, printer_id, db, context="fallback")

                # Send WebSocket notification
                await ws_manager.send_archive_created(
                    {
                        "id": fallback_archive.id,
                        "printer_id": fallback_archive.printer_id,
                        "filename": fallback_archive.filename,
                        "print_name": fallback_archive.print_name,
                        "status": fallback_archive.status,
                    }
                )

                # MQTT relay - publish archive created
                try:
                    await mqtt_relay.on_archive_created(
                        archive_id=fallback_archive.id,
                        print_name=fallback_archive.print_name,
                        printer_name=printer.name,
                        status=fallback_archive.status,
                    )
                except Exception:
                    pass  # Don't fail if MQTT fails

                # Store Spoolman tracking data (may not work for fallback since no 3MF)
                try:
                    await _store_spoolman_print_data(
                        printer_id,
                        fallback_archive.id,
                        fallback_archive.file_path,
                        db,
                        printer_manager,
                        ams_mapping=_get_start_ams_mapping(data, fallback_archive.id),
                    )
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.debug("[SPOOLMAN] Could not store tracking for fallback archive: %s", e)

                # Send notification without archive data (file not found)
                if not notification_sent:
                    await _send_print_start_notification(printer_id, data, logger=logger)
                return
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error("Failed to create fallback archive: %s", e)
                # Send notification without archive data (file not found)
                if not notification_sent:
                    await _send_print_start_notification(printer_id, data, logger=logger)
                return

        try:
            # Archive the file with status "printing"
            service = ArchiveService(db)
            archive = await service.archive_print(
                printer_id=printer_id,
                source_file=temp_path,
                print_data={**data, "status": "printing"},
                subtask_id=subtask_id,
            )

            if archive:
                # Track this active print (use both original filename and downloaded filename)
                _active_prints[(printer_id, downloaded_filename)] = archive.id
                if filename and filename != downloaded_filename:
                    _active_prints[(printer_id, filename)] = archive.id
                if subtask_name:
                    _active_prints[(printer_id, f"{subtask_name}.3mf")] = archive.id

                logger.info("Created archive %s for %s", archive.id, downloaded_filename)

                # Start timelapse session if external camera is enabled
                if printer.external_camera_enabled and printer.external_camera_url:
                    from backend.app.services.layer_timelapse import start_session

                    start_session(
                        printer_id,
                        archive.id,
                        printer.external_camera_url,
                        printer.external_camera_type or "mjpeg",
                    )
                    logger.info("Started layer timelapse for printer %s, archive %s", printer_id, archive.id)

                # Record starting energy from smart plug if available (#941: persisted column)
                await _record_energy_start(archive, printer_id, db, context="auto-archive")

                await ws_manager.send_archive_created(
                    {
                        "id": archive.id,
                        "printer_id": archive.printer_id,
                        "filename": archive.filename,
                        "print_name": archive.print_name,
                        "status": archive.status,
                    }
                )

                # MQTT relay - publish archive created
                try:
                    await mqtt_relay.on_archive_created(
                        archive_id=archive.id,
                        print_name=archive.print_name,
                        printer_name=printer.name,
                        status=archive.status,
                    )
                except Exception:
                    pass  # Don't fail if MQTT fails

                # Send notification with archive data (new archive created)
                if not notification_sent:
                    archive_data = {
                        "print_time_seconds": archive.print_time_seconds,
                        "created_by_id": archive.created_by_id,
                    }
                    await _send_print_start_notification(printer_id, data, archive_data, logger)

                # Extract printable objects for skip object functionality
                try:
                    from backend.app.services.archive import extract_printable_objects_from_3mf

                    with open(temp_path, "rb") as f:
                        threemf_data = f.read()
                    # Extract with positions for UI overlay
                    printable_objects, bbox_all = extract_printable_objects_from_3mf(
                        threemf_data, include_positions=True
                    )
                    if printable_objects:
                        # Store objects in printer state
                        client = printer_manager.get_client(printer_id)
                        if client:
                            client.state.printable_objects = printable_objects
                            client.state.printable_objects_bbox_all = bbox_all
                            client.state.skipped_objects = []  # Reset skipped objects for new print
                            logger.info(
                                "Loaded %s printable objects for printer %s", len(printable_objects), printer_id
                            )
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.debug("Failed to extract printable objects: %s", e)

                # Store Spoolman tracking data for per-filament usage reporting
                try:
                    await _store_spoolman_print_data(
                        printer_id,
                        archive.id,
                        archive.file_path,
                        db,
                        printer_manager,
                        ams_mapping=_get_start_ams_mapping(data, archive.id),
                    )
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.warning("[SPOOLMAN] Failed to store tracking data: %s", e)

                # Capture timelapse file baseline for snapshot-diff on completion
                try:
                    baseline_files, _ = await _list_timelapse_videos(printer)
                    _timelapse_baselines[printer_id] = {f.get("name", "") for f in baseline_files}
                    logger.info(
                        "[TIMELAPSE] Baseline at print start: %s video files for printer %s",
                        len(_timelapse_baselines[printer_id]),
                        printer_id,
                    )
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Failed to capture baseline at print start: %s", e)
        finally:
            # Keep temp_path around until print completes so the cover endpoint
            # can reuse it (#972). Cache eviction in on_print_complete deletes
            # the file. If the cache entry was evicted early (file vanished),
            # clean up any stragglers here to avoid leaking disk on retries.
            cached_now = get_cached_3mf(printer_id, downloaded_filename) if downloaded_filename else None
            if temp_path and temp_path.exists() and cached_now != temp_path:
                temp_path.unlink()


_TIMELAPSE_VIDEO_EXTENSIONS = (".mp4", ".avi")


async def _list_timelapse_videos(printer) -> tuple[list[dict], str | None]:
    """List video files from printer's timelapse directory.

    Finds MP4 (X1/A1 series) and AVI (P1 series) timelapse files.
    Returns (video_files, found_path) where video_files is a list of file dicts
    and found_path is the directory where they were found, or ([], None).
    """
    from backend.app.services.bambu_ftp import list_files_async

    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    for timelapse_path in ["/timelapse", "/timelapse/video", "/record", "/recording"]:
        try:
            found_files = await list_files_async(
                printer.ip_address, printer.access_code, timelapse_path, printer_model=printer.model
            )
            if found_files:
                video_files = [
                    f
                    for f in found_files
                    if not f.get("is_directory") and f.get("name", "").lower().endswith(_TIMELAPSE_VIDEO_EXTENSIONS)
                ]
                if video_files:
                    return video_files, timelapse_path
        except Exception as e:
            logger.debug("[TIMELAPSE] Path %s failed: %s", timelapse_path, e)
            continue

    return [], None


async def _scan_for_timelapse_with_retries(archive_id: int, baseline_names: set[str] | None = None):
    """
    Scan for timelapse with retries using a snapshot-diff approach.

    Instead of picking the "most recent by mtime" (unreliable when the printer
    clock is wrong in LAN-only mode), we snapshot existing MP4 filenames BEFORE
    waiting, then look for any NEW filename that appears after each delay.

    If baseline_names is provided (captured at print start), it is used directly.
    Otherwise falls back to taking a baseline at completion time (best-effort
    for prints started before app restart).

    Falls back to name-matching (print name contained in MP4 filename) if no
    new file appears after all retries.
    """
    from pathlib import Path

    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    # --- Phase 1: Take baseline snapshot of existing timelapse files ---
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

            service = ArchiveService(db)
            archive = await service.get_archive(archive_id)

            if not archive:
                logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Archive %s not found, aborting", archive_id)
                return
            if archive.timelapse_path:
                logger.info("[TIMELAPSE] Archive %s already has timelapse attached", archive_id)
                return
            if not archive.printer_id:
                logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Archive %s has no printer, aborting", archive_id)
                return

            if baseline_names is not None:
                # Use pre-captured baseline from print start (no race condition)
                logger.info(
                    "[TIMELAPSE] Using print-start baseline: %s existing video files for archive %s",
                    len(baseline_names),
                    archive_id,
                )
            else:
                # Fallback: take baseline now (e.g. app restarted mid-print)
                result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == archive.printer_id))
                printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                if not printer:
                    logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Printer not found for archive %s, aborting", archive_id)
                    return

                baseline_files, _ = await _list_timelapse_videos(printer)
                baseline_names = {f.get("name", "") for f in baseline_files}
                logger.info(
                    "[TIMELAPSE] Baseline snapshot (fallback): %s existing video files for archive %s",
                    len(baseline_names),
                    archive_id,
                )

            # Derive base_name for name-matching fallback
            base_name = Path(archive.filename).stem if archive.filename else ""
            if base_name.endswith(".gcode"):
                base_name = base_name[:-6]

    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Failed to take baseline snapshot for archive %s: %s", archive_id, e)
        return

    # --- Phase 2: Retry loop — look for NEW files that weren't in baseline ---
    retry_delays = [5, 10, 20, 30]

    for attempt, delay in enumerate(retry_delays, 1):
        logger.info(
            "[TIMELAPSE] Attempt %s/%s: waiting %ss before scanning for archive %s",
            attempt,
            len(retry_delays),
            delay,
            archive_id,
        )
        await asyncio.sleep(delay)

        try:
            async with async_session() as db:
                from backend.app.models.printer import Printer
                from backend.app.services.bambu_ftp import download_file_bytes_async

                service = ArchiveService(db)
                archive = await service.get_archive(archive_id)

                if not archive:
                    logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Archive %s not found, stopping retries", archive_id)
                    return
                if archive.timelapse_path:
                    logger.info("[TIMELAPSE] Archive %s already has timelapse attached, stopping retries", archive_id)
                    return

                result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == archive.printer_id))
                printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                if not printer:
                    logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Printer not found for archive %s, stopping retries", archive_id)
                    return

                video_files, found_path = await _list_timelapse_videos(printer)

                if not video_files:
                    logger.info("[TIMELAPSE] Attempt %s: No video files found, will retry", attempt)
                    continue

                logger.info("[TIMELAPSE] Attempt %s: Found %s video files in %s", attempt, len(video_files), found_path)
                for f in video_files[:5]:
                    logger.info("[TIMELAPSE]   - %s", f.get("name"))

                # Find files that are NEW (not in baseline snapshot)
                new_files = [f for f in video_files if f.get("name", "") not in baseline_names]

                if new_files:
                    # Pick the first new file (there should typically be exactly one)
                    target = new_files[0]
                    file_name = target.get("name")
                    remote_path = target.get("path") or f"/timelapse/{file_name}"
                    logger.info(
                        "[TIMELAPSE] Attempt %s: New file detected: %s (downloading for archive %s)",
                        attempt,
                        file_name,
                        archive_id,
                    )

                    timelapse_data = await download_file_bytes_async(
                        printer.ip_address, printer.access_code, remote_path, printer_model=printer.model
                    )
                    if timelapse_data:
                        success = await service.attach_timelapse(archive_id, timelapse_data, file_name)
                        if success:
                            logger.info("[TIMELAPSE] Successfully attached timelapse to archive %s", archive_id)
                            await ws_manager.send_archive_updated({"id": archive_id, "timelapse_attached": True})
                            return
                        else:
                            logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Failed to attach timelapse to archive %s", archive_id)
                    else:
                        logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Attempt %s: Failed to download new file, will retry", attempt)
                else:
                    logger.info("[TIMELAPSE] Attempt %s: No new files since baseline, will retry", attempt)

        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Attempt %s failed with error: %s", attempt, e)

    # --- Phase 3: Fallback — try name matching against all files ---
    if base_name:
        logger.info("[TIMELAPSE] Retries exhausted, trying name-match fallback for '%s'", base_name)
        try:
            async with async_session() as db:
                from backend.app.models.printer import Printer
                from backend.app.services.bambu_ftp import download_file_bytes_async

                service = ArchiveService(db)
                archive = await service.get_archive(archive_id)
                if not archive or archive.timelapse_path:
                    return

                result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == archive.printer_id))
                printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                if not printer:
                    return

                video_files, found_path = await _list_timelapse_videos(printer)
                for f in video_files:
                    fname = f.get("name", "")
                    if base_name.lower() in fname.lower():
                        remote_path = f.get("path") or f"/timelapse/{fname}"
                        logger.info("[TIMELAPSE] Name-match fallback: '%s' matches '%s'", base_name, fname)

                        timelapse_data = await download_file_bytes_async(
                            printer.ip_address, printer.access_code, remote_path, printer_model=printer.model
                        )
                        if timelapse_data:
                            success = await service.attach_timelapse(archive_id, timelapse_data, fname)
                            if success:
                                logger.info(
                                    "[TIMELAPSE] Name-match fallback attached timelapse to archive %s", archive_id
                                )
                                await ws_manager.send_archive_updated({"id": archive_id, "timelapse_attached": True})
                                return
                        break  # Only try the first name match

        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] Name-match fallback failed: %s", e)

    logger.warning("[TIMELAPSE] All attempts exhausted for archive %s, giving up", archive_id)


async def on_print_complete(printer_id: int, data: dict):
    """Handle print completion - update the archive status."""
    import time

    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
    start_time = time.time()

    def log_timing(section: str):
        elapsed = time.time() - start_time
        logger.info("[TIMING] %s: %.3fs elapsed", section, elapsed)

    logger.info("[CALLBACK] on_print_complete started for printer %s", printer_id)

    # Drop the 3MF download cache for this printer (#972). The print is over,
    # nothing else legitimately needs the bytes; keeping them would only risk
    # handing a stale file to the next print if it reuses the same name.
    clear_3mf_cache(printer_id)

    try:
        ws_data = {
            "status": data.get("status"),
            "filename": data.get("filename"),
            "subtask_name": data.get("subtask_name"),
            "timelapse_was_active": data.get("timelapse_was_active"),
        }
        await ws_manager.send_print_complete(printer_id, ws_data)
        log_timing("WebSocket send_print_complete")
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("[CALLBACK] WebSocket send_print_complete failed: %s", e)

    # Capture user info before clearing (needed for print log entry)
    _print_user_info = printer_manager.get_current_print_user(printer_id)

    # Clear current print user tracking (Issue #206)
    printer_manager.clear_current_print_user(printer_id)

    # If the user explicitly stopped this print from the queue UI the printer will
    # report "failed" or "aborted" via MQTT.  Override that to "cancelled" so the
    # correct "print stopped" notification/email is sent instead of a failure alert.
    _raw_status = data.get("status", "completed")
    if printer_id in _user_stopped_printers and _raw_status in ("failed", "aborted"):
        logger.info(
            "[CALLBACK] Overriding status '%s' -> 'cancelled' for printer %s (print was stopped from queue by user)",
            _raw_status,
            printer_id,
        )
        data = {**data, "status": "cancelled"}
    _user_stopped_printers.discard(printer_id)

    # Raise the plate-clear gate for queued dispatch (#961). Only for completed/failed —
    # user-cancelled prints don't require a plate-clear ack (nothing printed on the bed).
    # Persisted to DB so the gate survives Auto Off power cycles and Bambuddy restarts.
    _final_status = data.get("status", "completed")
    if _final_status in ("completed", "failed"):
        printer_manager.set_awaiting_plate_clear(printer_id, True)

    # MQTT relay - publish print complete
    try:
        printer_info = printer_manager.get_printer(printer_id)
        if printer_info:
            await mqtt_relay.on_print_complete(
                printer_id,
                printer_info.name,
                printer_info.serial_number,
                data.get("filename", ""),
                data.get("subtask_name", ""),
                data.get("status", "completed"),
            )
    except Exception:
        pass  # Don't fail print complete callback if MQTT fails

    filename = data.get("filename", "")
    subtask_name = data.get("subtask_name", "")

    if not filename and not subtask_name:
        logger.warning("Print complete without filename or subtask_name")
        return

    logger.info("Print complete - filename: %s, subtask: %s, status: %s", filename, subtask_name, data.get("status"))

    # Build list of possible keys to try (matching how they were registered in on_print_start)
    possible_keys = []

    # Try subtask_name variations first (most reliable for matching)
    if subtask_name:
        possible_keys.append((printer_id, f"{subtask_name}.3mf"))
        possible_keys.append((printer_id, f"{subtask_name}.gcode.3mf"))
        possible_keys.append((printer_id, subtask_name))

    # Try filename variations
    if filename:
        # Extract just the filename if it's a path
        fname = filename.split("/")[-1] if "/" in filename else filename

        if fname.endswith(".3mf"):
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, fname))
        elif fname.endswith(".gcode"):
            base_name = fname.rsplit(".", 1)[0]
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, f"{base_name}.gcode.3mf"))
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, f"{base_name}.3mf"))
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, fname))
        else:
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, f"{fname}.gcode.3mf"))
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, f"{fname}.3mf"))
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, fname))

        # Also try full path versions
        if filename.endswith(".3mf"):
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, filename))
        elif filename.endswith(".gcode"):
            base_name = filename.rsplit(".", 1)[0]
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, f"{base_name}.3mf"))
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, filename))
        else:
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, f"{filename}.3mf"))
            possible_keys.append((printer_id, filename))

    # Find the archive for this print
    logger.info("Looking for archive in _active_prints, keys to try: %s...", possible_keys[:5])
    logger.info("Current _active_prints: %s", list(_active_prints.keys()))
    archive_id = None
    for key in possible_keys:
        archive_id = _active_prints.pop(key, None)
        if archive_id:
            logger.info("Found archive %s with key %s", archive_id, key)
            # Also clean up any other keys pointing to this archive
            keys_to_remove = [k for k, v in _active_prints.items() if v == archive_id]
            for k in keys_to_remove:
                _active_prints.pop(k, None)
            break

    if not archive_id:
        # Try to find by filename or subtask_name if not tracked (for prints started before app)
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.models.archive import PrintArchive

            # Try matching by subtask_name (stored as print_name) first
            if subtask_name:
                result = await db.execute(
                    select(PrintArchive)
                    .where(PrintArchive.printer_id == printer_id)
                    .where(PrintArchive.status == "printing")
                    .where(
                        or_(
                            PrintArchive.print_name.ilike(f"%{subtask_name}%"),
                            PrintArchive.filename.ilike(f"%{subtask_name}%"),
                        )
                    )
                    .order_by(PrintArchive.created_at.desc())
                    .limit(1)
                )
                archive = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                if archive:
                    archive_id = archive.id
                    logger.info("Found archive %s by subtask_name match: %s", archive_id, subtask_name)

            # Also try by filename
            if not archive_id and filename:
                result = await db.execute(
                    select(PrintArchive)
                    .where(PrintArchive.printer_id == printer_id)
                    .where(PrintArchive.filename == filename)
                    .where(PrintArchive.status == "printing")
                    .order_by(PrintArchive.created_at.desc())
                    .limit(1)
                )
                archive = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                if archive:
                    archive_id = archive.id

    # Cleanup: delete uploaded file from printer SD card to prevent phantom prints (Issue #374)
    # The print scheduler uploads files to the SD card root (/). Some printers (e.g. P1S)
    # auto-start files found in root on power cycle, causing ghost prints.
    # Must run before the archive_id early-return so it executes even when archiving is disabled.
    try:
        if subtask_name:
            async with async_session() as db:
                from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

                result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
                printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()

            if printer:
                from backend.app.services.bambu_ftp import delete_file_async

                # Try both .3mf and .gcode extensions — the printer may have either
                for ext in (".3mf", ".gcode"):
                    remote_path = f"/{subtask_name}{ext}"
                    # Retry up to 3 times — the printer may still lock the filesystem briefly after a print ends
                    for attempt in range(1, 4):
                        try:
                            delete_result = await delete_file_async(
                                printer.ip_address,
                                printer.access_code,
                                remote_path,
                                printer_model=printer.model,
                            )
                            if delete_result:
                                logger.info("Deleted %s from printer %s SD card", remote_path, printer.name)
                                break
                        except Exception as e:
                            delete_result = False
                            logger.warning(
                                "SD card cleanup attempt %d/3 raised for %s: %s",
                                attempt,
                                remote_path,
                                e,
                            )
                        if not delete_result and attempt < 3:
                            await asyncio.sleep(2)
                        elif not delete_result:
                            logger.warning(
                                "SD card cleanup failed after 3 attempts for %s (file may linger on SD card)",
                                remote_path,
                            )
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("SD card file cleanup failed for printer %s: %s", printer_id, e)

    log_timing("SD card cleanup")

    # Update queue item status early — must run before the archive_id early-return
    # so queue items don't get stuck in "printing" when archive lookup fails.
    # Uses run_with_retry to handle SQLite "database is locked" errors (#897).
    queue_item_id = None
    queue_status = None
    queue_auto_off = False
    try:
        from backend.app.core.database import run_with_retry
        from backend.app.models.print_queue import PrintQueueItem

        async def _update_queue_status(db):
            nonlocal queue_item_id, queue_status, queue_auto_off
            result = await db.execute(
                select(PrintQueueItem)
                .where(PrintQueueItem.printer_id == printer_id)
                .where(PrintQueueItem.status == "printing")
            )
            printing_items = list(result.scalars().all())
            if len(printing_items) > 1:
                logger.warning(
                    "BUG: Multiple queue items in 'printing' status for printer %s: %s",
                    printer_id,
                    [(i.id, i.archive_id, i.library_file_id) for i in printing_items],
                )
            item = printing_items[0] if printing_items else None
            if item:
                queue_status = data.get("status", "completed")
                # MQTT sends "aborted" for cancelled prints; normalise to
                # "cancelled" so it matches the queue schema Literal.
                if queue_status == "aborted":
                    queue_status = "cancelled"
                item.status = queue_status
                item.completed_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                await db.commit()
                queue_item_id = item.id
                queue_auto_off = item.auto_off_after
                logger.info("Updated queue item %s status to %s", item.id, queue_status)

        await run_with_retry(_update_queue_status, label="queue status update")

        # Post-commit side effects (notifications, MQTT relay, auto-off) use
        # their own sessions and have their own error handling — no retry needed.
        if queue_item_id is not None:
            # MQTT relay - publish queue job completed
            try:
                printer_info = printer_manager.get_printer(printer_id)
                await mqtt_relay.on_queue_job_completed(
                    job_id=queue_item_id,
                    filename=filename or subtask_name,
                    printer_id=printer_id,
                    printer_name=printer_info.name if printer_info else "Unknown",
                    status=queue_status,
                )
            except Exception:
                pass  # Don't fail if MQTT fails

            # Check if queue is now empty and send notification
            try:
                from sqlalchemy import func as sa_func

                async with async_session() as db:
                    count_result = await db.execute(
                        select(sa_func.count(PrintQueueItem.id)).where(PrintQueueItem.status == "pending")
                    )
                    pending_count = count_result.scalar() or 0

                    if pending_count == 0:
                        today_start = datetime.now(timezone.utc).replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
                        completed_result = await db.execute(
                            select(sa_func.count(PrintQueueItem.id)).where(
                                PrintQueueItem.status.in_(["completed", "failed", "skipped"]),
                                PrintQueueItem.completed_at >= today_start,
                            )
                        )
                        completed_count = completed_result.scalar() or 1

                        await notification_service.on_queue_completed(
                            completed_count=completed_count,
                            db=db,
                        )
            except Exception:
                pass  # Don't fail if notification fails

            # Handle auto_off_after - power off printer if requested (after cooldown)
            if queue_auto_off:
                async with async_session() as db:
                    result = await db.execute(select(SmartPlug).where(SmartPlug.printer_id == printer_id))
                    plugs = list(result.scalars().all())
                enabled_plugs = [p for p in plugs if p.enabled]
                if enabled_plugs:
                    logger.info("Auto-off requested for printer %s, waiting for cooldown...", printer_id)

                    async def cooldown_and_poweroff(pid: int, plug_ids: list[int]):
                        # Wait for nozzle to cool down
                        await printer_manager.wait_for_cooldown(pid, target_temp=50.0, timeout=600)
                        # Re-fetch plugs in new session and turn off each one
                        async with async_session() as new_db:
                            for plug_id in plug_ids:
                                try:
                                    result = await new_db.execute(select(SmartPlug).where(SmartPlug.id == plug_id))
                                    p = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                                    if p and p.enabled:
                                        service = await smart_plug_manager.get_service_for_plug(p, new_db)
                                        success = await service.turn_off(p)
                                        if success:
                                            logger.info("Powered off printer %s via smart plug '%s'", pid, p.name)
                                        else:
                                            logger.warning("Failed to power off plug '%s' for printer %s", p.name, pid)
                                except Exception as e:
                                    logger.warning("Failed to power off plug %s for printer %s: %s", plug_id, pid, e)

                    asyncio.create_task(cooldown_and_poweroff(printer_id, [p.id for p in enabled_plugs]))
    except Exception as e:
        logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(f"Queue item update failed: {e}")

    log_timing("Queue item update")

    # Register bed cooldown waiter (event-driven via on_bed_temp_update callback).
    # Must run before archive_id early-return so it fires for all prints (including
    # prints started from BambuStudio/touchscreen that have no archive).
    if data.get("status") == "completed":
        try:
            from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting

            async with async_session() as db:
                threshold_str = await get_setting(db, "bed_cooled_threshold")
            threshold = float(threshold_str) if threshold_str else 35.0

            # Check if any provider has on_bed_cooled enabled (skip registration if none)
            async with async_session() as db:
                providers = await notification_service._get_providers_for_event(db, "on_bed_cooled", printer_id)
            if providers:
                _bed_cool_waiters[printer_id] = {
                    "threshold": threshold,
                    "filename": filename or subtask_name or "",
                    "registered_at": time.time(),
                }
                logger.info(
                    "[BED-COOL] Registered waiter for printer %s (threshold: %.0f°C)",
                    printer_id,
                    threshold,
                )
            else:
                logger.debug("[BED-COOL] No providers enabled for bed_cooled on printer %s", printer_id)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("[BED-COOL] Failed to register waiter: %s", e)

    # --- Track filament consumption (must run before archive_id early-return so usage
    # is recorded even when auto-archive is disabled) ---
    usage_results: list[dict] = []
    # Prefer ams_mapping captured from MQTT request topic (works for all print sources)
    stored_ams_mapping = data.get("ams_mapping")
    # Fallback to _print_ams_mappings for queue/reprint (set before print starts)
    if not stored_ams_mapping and archive_id:
        stored_ams_mapping = _print_ams_mappings.pop(archive_id, None)

    # Internal inventory: track AMS remain% deltas (skip if Spoolman handles usage)
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting

            _spoolman_on = await get_setting(db, "spoolman_enabled")
        if not _spoolman_on or _spoolman_on.lower() != "true":
            from backend.app.services.usage_tracker import on_print_complete as usage_on_print_complete

            async with async_session() as db:
                usage_results = await usage_on_print_complete(
                    printer_id,
                    data,
                    printer_manager,
                    db,
                    archive_id=archive_id,
                    ams_mapping=stored_ams_mapping,
                )
                if usage_results:
                    await ws_manager.broadcast(
                        {
                            "type": "spool_usage_logged",
                            "printer_id": printer_id,
                            "usage": usage_results,
                        }
                    )
                    log_timing("Usage tracker")

    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("Usage tracker on_print_complete failed: %s", e)

    # Spoolman: report filament usage (requires archive_id for tracking data lookup)
    if archive_id:
        if data.get("status") == "completed":
            try:
                await _report_spoolman_usage(printer_id, archive_id)
                log_timing("Spoolman usage report")
            except Exception as e:
                logger.warning("Spoolman usage reporting failed: %s", e)
        else:
            # Report partial usage if tracking data exists (only stored when weight sync is disabled)
            try:
                async with async_session() as db:
                    await _cleanup_spoolman_tracking(
                        printer_id,
                        archive_id,
                        db,
                        last_layer_num=data.get("last_layer_num"),
                        last_progress=data.get("last_progress"),
                    )
            except Exception as e:
                logger.debug("[SPOOLMAN] Cleanup failed: %s", e)

    log_timing("Filament usage tracking")

    if not archive_id:
        logger.warning("Could not find archive for print complete: filename=%s, subtask=%s", filename, subtask_name)

        # Still send print-complete/failed/stopped notifications even without an archive.
        # Try to enrich with queue/library-file data so user-specific emails work too.
        async def _notify_no_archive():
            try:
                async with async_session() as db:
                    from backend.app.models.library import LibraryFile
                    from backend.app.models.print_queue import PrintQueueItem
                    from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

                    result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
                    printer_obj = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                    p_name = printer_obj.name if printer_obj else f"Printer {printer_id}"

                    # Try to find the most-recent queue item for this printer so we can
                    # recover created_by_id and estimated print time.
                    # NOTE: By the time this task runs the queue item status has already
                    # been updated to a terminal state (completed/failed/cancelled), so
                    # we look for recently-completed items (within the last 5 minutes).
                    no_archive_data: dict | None = None
                    try:
                        cutoff = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(minutes=5)
                        q_result = await db.execute(
                            select(PrintQueueItem)
                            .where(PrintQueueItem.printer_id == printer_id)
                            .where(PrintQueueItem.status.in_(["completed", "failed", "cancelled"]))
                            .where(PrintQueueItem.completed_at >= cutoff)
                            .order_by(PrintQueueItem.completed_at.desc())
                            .limit(1)
                        )
                        queue_item = q_result.scalar_one_or_none()
                        if queue_item:
                            no_archive_data = {"created_by_id": queue_item.created_by_id}
                            # Pull estimated time from library file when available
                            if queue_item.library_file_id:
                                lib_result = await db.execute(
                                    select(LibraryFile).where(LibraryFile.id == queue_item.library_file_id)
                                )
                                lib_file = lib_result.scalar_one_or_none()
                                if lib_file and lib_file.print_time_seconds:
                                    no_archive_data["print_time_seconds"] = lib_file.print_time_seconds
                    except Exception as lookup_err:
                        logger.debug(
                            "[NOTIFY-BG] Could not look up queue item for no-archive notification: %s", lookup_err
                        )

                    # Enrich with usage tracker results (captured in enclosing scope)
                    if usage_results:
                        if no_archive_data is None:
                            no_archive_data = {}
                        total_from_usage = sum(r.get("weight_used", 0) for r in usage_results)
                        if total_from_usage > 0:
                            no_archive_data["actual_filament_grams"] = round(total_from_usage, 1)
                        no_archive_data["usage_results"] = usage_results

                    # Try MQTT remaining_time for print duration when no queue/library data
                    if no_archive_data and not no_archive_data.get("print_time_seconds"):
                        mqtt_remaining = data.get("remaining_time")
                        if mqtt_remaining and isinstance(mqtt_remaining, (int, float)) and mqtt_remaining > 0:
                            no_archive_data["print_time_seconds"] = int(mqtt_remaining)

                    ps = data.get("status", "completed")
                    logger.info(
                        "[NOTIFY-BG] Sending notification without archive: printer=%s, status=%s", printer_id, ps
                    )
                    await notification_service.on_print_complete(
                        printer_id, p_name, ps, data, db, archive_data=no_archive_data
                    )

                    # Send user-specific email if we have a created_by_id
                    if no_archive_data and no_archive_data.get("created_by_id"):
                        raw_filename = data.get("subtask_name") or data.get("filename", "Unknown")
                        await _dispatch_user_print_email(
                            ps,
                            no_archive_data["created_by_id"],
                            p_name,
                            raw_filename,
                            db,
                        )
                    logger.info("[NOTIFY-BG] Completed (no-archive path)")
            except Exception as e:
                logger.warning("[NOTIFY-BG] Failed to send notification without archive: %s", e, exc_info=True)

        task = asyncio.create_task(_notify_no_archive())
        task.add_done_callback(lambda _t: None)
        return

    log_timing("Archive lookup")

    # Update archive status
    logger.info("[ARCHIVE] Updating archive %s status...", archive_id)
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            service = ArchiveService(db)
            status = data.get("status", "completed")

            # Auto-detect failure reason
            failure_reason = None
            if status == "aborted":
                failure_reason = "User cancelled"
                logger.info("[ARCHIVE] Print was aborted by user, setting failure_reason='User cancelled'")
            elif status == "failed":
                # Try to determine failure reason from HMS errors
                hms_errors = data.get("hms_errors", [])
                if hms_errors:
                    logger.info("[ARCHIVE] HMS errors at failure: %s", hms_errors)
                    # Map known HMS error modules to failure reasons
                    # Module 0x07 = Filament, 0x0C = MC (Motion Controller), etc.
                    for err in hms_errors:
                        module = err.get("module", 0)
                        if module == 0x07:  # Filament module
                            failure_reason = "Filament runout"
                            break
                        elif module == 0x0C:  # Motion controller
                            failure_reason = "Layer shift"
                            break
                        elif module == 0x05:  # Nozzle/extruder
                            failure_reason = "Clogged nozzle"
                            break
                    if failure_reason:
                        logger.info("[ARCHIVE] Detected failure_reason from HMS: %s", failure_reason)
                else:
                    logger.info("[ARCHIVE] No HMS errors available to determine failure reason")

            await service.update_archive_status(
                archive_id,
                status=status,
                completed_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc) if status in ("completed", "failed", "aborted") else None,
                failure_reason=failure_reason,
            )
            logger.info(
                "[ARCHIVE] Archive %s status updated to %s, failure_reason=%s", archive_id, status, failure_reason
            )

            await ws_manager.send_archive_updated(
                {
                    "id": archive_id,
                    "status": status,
                }
            )
            logger.info("[ARCHIVE] WebSocket notification sent for archive %s", archive_id)

            # MQTT relay - publish archive updated
            try:
                await mqtt_relay.on_archive_updated(
                    archive_id=archive_id,
                    print_name=filename or subtask_name,
                    status=status,
                )
            except Exception:
                pass  # Don't fail if MQTT fails
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error("[ARCHIVE] Failed to update archive %s status: %s", archive_id, e, exc_info=True)
        # Continue with other operations even if archive update fails

    log_timing("Archive status update")

    # Write independent print log entry (separate table, never touches archives)
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.models.archive import PrintArchive
            from backend.app.services.print_log import write_log_entry

            archive = await db.get(PrintArchive, archive_id)
            if archive:
                p_info = printer_manager.get_printer(printer_id)
                await write_log_entry(
                    db,
                    status=data.get("status", "completed"),
                    print_name=archive.print_name,
                    printer_name=p_info.name if p_info else None,
                    printer_id=printer_id,
                    started_at=archive.started_at,
                    completed_at=archive.completed_at,
                    filament_type=archive.filament_type,
                    filament_color=archive.filament_color,
                    filament_used_grams=archive.filament_used_grams,
                    thumbnail_path=archive.thumbnail_path,
                    created_by_username=_print_user_info.get("username") if _print_user_info else None,
                )
                await db.commit()
                logger.info("[PRINT_LOG] Log entry written for archive %s", archive_id)
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("[PRINT_LOG] Failed to write log entry for archive %s: %s", archive_id, e)

    log_timing("Print log entry")

    # Run slow operations as background tasks to avoid blocking the event loop
    # These operations can take 5-10+ seconds and would freeze the UI if awaited

    async def _background_energy_calculation():
        """Calculate and save energy usage in background.

        Reads the starting kWh from the archive row (#941: persisted so a mid-print
        backend restart no longer loses per-print energy data).
        """
        try:
            logger.info("[ENERGY-BG] Starting energy calculation for archive %s", archive_id)
            async with async_session() as db:
                from backend.app.models.archive import PrintArchive

                archive = await db.get(PrintArchive, archive_id)
                if archive is None:
                    logger.warning("[ENERGY-BG] Archive %s no longer exists", archive_id)
                    return
                starting_kwh = archive.energy_start_kwh
                if starting_kwh is None:
                    logger.info("[ENERGY-BG] No start kWh recorded for archive %s", archive_id)
                    return

                plug_result = await db.execute(select(SmartPlug).where(SmartPlug.printer_id == printer_id))
                plug = plug_result.scalar_one_or_none()
                if plug is None:
                    logger.info("[ENERGY-BG] No smart plug for printer %s", printer_id)
                    return

                energy = await _get_plug_energy(plug, db)
                logger.info("[ENERGY-BG] Energy response: %s", energy)
                if not energy or energy.get("total") is None:
                    logger.warning("[ENERGY-BG] No 'total' in energy response")
                    return

                energy_used = round(energy["total"] - starting_kwh, 4)
                logger.info("[ENERGY-BG] Per-print energy: %s kWh", energy_used)
                if energy_used < 0:
                    logger.warning(
                        "[ENERGY-BG] Negative energy delta for archive %s (start=%s, end=%s) — counter reset?",
                        archive_id,
                        starting_kwh,
                        energy["total"],
                    )
                    return

                from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting

                energy_cost_per_kwh = await get_setting(db, "energy_cost_per_kwh")
                cost_per_kwh = float(energy_cost_per_kwh) if energy_cost_per_kwh else 0.15
                archive.energy_kwh = energy_used
                archive.energy_cost = round(energy_used * cost_per_kwh, 3)
                await db.commit()
                logger.info("[ENERGY-BG] Saved: %s kWh, cost=%s", energy_used, archive.energy_cost)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("[ENERGY-BG] Failed: %s", e)

    async def _background_finish_photo() -> str | None:
        """Capture finish photo in background. Returns photo filename if captured."""
        try:
            logger.info("[PHOTO-BG] Starting finish photo capture for archive %s", archive_id)

            from backend.app.api.routes.camera import _active_chamber_streams, _active_streams, get_buffered_frame

            async with async_session() as db:
                from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting

                capture_enabled = await get_setting(db, "capture_finish_photo")

                if capture_enabled is None or capture_enabled.lower() == "true":
                    from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

                    result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
                    printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()

                    if printer and archive_id:
                        from backend.app.models.archive import PrintArchive

                        result = await db.execute(select(PrintArchive).where(PrintArchive.id == archive_id))
                        archive = result.scalar_one_or_none()

                        if archive:
                            import uuid
                            from datetime import datetime
                            from pathlib import Path

                            if archive.file_path:
                                archive_dir = app_settings.base_dir / Path(archive.file_path).parent
                            else:
                                logger.warning("[PHOTO-BG] Archive %s has no file_path, using fallback dir", archive_id)
                                archive_dir = app_settings.archive_dir / str(archive.id)
                            photo_filename = None

                            # Check for external camera first
                            if printer.external_camera_enabled and printer.external_camera_url:
                                logger.info("[PHOTO-BG] Using external camera")
                                from backend.app.services.external_camera import capture_frame

                                frame_data = await capture_frame(
                                    printer.external_camera_url, printer.external_camera_type or "mjpeg"
                                )
                                if frame_data:
                                    photos_dir = archive_dir / "photos"
                                    photos_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                                    timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
                                    photo_filename = f"finish_{timestamp}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}.jpg"
                                    photo_path = photos_dir / photo_filename
                                    await asyncio.to_thread(photo_path.write_bytes, frame_data)
                                    logger.info("[PHOTO-BG] Saved external camera frame: %s", photo_filename)
                            else:
                                # Check if camera stream is active - use buffered frame to avoid freeze
                                # Check both RTSP streams (_active_streams) and chamber image streams (_active_chamber_streams)
                                active_for_printer = [k for k in _active_streams if k.startswith(f"{printer_id}-")]
                                active_chamber_for_printer = [
                                    k for k in _active_chamber_streams if k.startswith(f"{printer_id}-")
                                ]
                                buffered_frame = get_buffered_frame(printer_id)

                                if (active_for_printer or active_chamber_for_printer) and buffered_frame:
                                    # Use frame from active stream
                                    logger.info("[PHOTO-BG] Using buffered frame from active stream")
                                    photos_dir = archive_dir / "photos"
                                    photos_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                                    timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
                                    photo_filename = f"finish_{timestamp}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}.jpg"
                                    photo_path = photos_dir / photo_filename
                                    await asyncio.to_thread(photo_path.write_bytes, buffered_frame)
                                    logger.info("[PHOTO-BG] Saved buffered frame: %s", photo_filename)
                                else:
                                    # No active stream - capture new frame
                                    from backend.app.services.camera import capture_finish_photo

                                    photo_filename = await capture_finish_photo(
                                        printer_id=printer_id,
                                        ip_address=printer.ip_address,
                                        access_code=printer.access_code,
                                        model=printer.model,
                                        archive_dir=archive_dir,
                                    )

                            if photo_filename:
                                photos = archive.photos or []
                                photos.append(photo_filename)
                                archive.photos = photos
                                await db.commit()
                                logger.info("[PHOTO-BG] Saved: %s", photo_filename)
                                return photo_filename
            return None
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("[PHOTO-BG] Failed: %s", e)
            return None

    asyncio.create_task(_background_energy_calculation())
    # Photo capture task - result will be used by notifications
    photo_task = asyncio.create_task(_background_finish_photo())
    log_timing("Background tasks scheduled (energy, photo)")

    # Also run smart plug, notifications, and maintenance as background tasks
    print_status = data.get("status", "completed")

    async def _background_smart_plug():
        """Handle smart plug automation in background."""
        try:
            logger.info("[AUTO-OFF-BG] Starting smart plug automation for printer %s", printer_id)
            async with async_session() as db:
                await smart_plug_manager.on_print_complete(printer_id, print_status, db)
                logger.info("[AUTO-OFF-BG] Completed")
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("[AUTO-OFF-BG] Failed: %s", e)

    async def _background_notifications(finish_photo_filename: str | None = None):
        """Send print complete notifications in background."""
        try:
            logger.info(
                "[NOTIFY-BG] Starting notifications for printer %s, photo=%s", printer_id, finish_photo_filename
            )
            async with async_session() as db:
                from backend.app.models.archive import PrintArchive
                from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

                result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
                printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                printer_name = printer.name if printer else f"Printer {printer_id}"

                archive_data = None
                if archive_id:
                    archive_result = await db.execute(select(PrintArchive).where(PrintArchive.id == archive_id))
                    archive = archive_result.scalar_one_or_none()
                    if archive:
                        archive_data = {
                            "print_time_seconds": archive.print_time_seconds,
                            "actual_filament_grams": archive.filament_used_grams,
                            "failure_reason": archive.failure_reason,
                            "created_by_id": archive.created_by_id,
                        }

                        # Scale filament usage for partial prints
                        if print_status != "completed" and archive.filament_used_grams:
                            progress = data.get("progress") or 0
                            scale = max(0.0, min(progress / 100.0, 1.0))
                            archive_data["actual_filament_grams"] = round(archive.filament_used_grams * scale, 1)
                            archive_data["progress"] = progress

                        # Pass per-slot data from archive.extra_data
                        if archive.extra_data and archive.extra_data.get("filament_slots"):
                            slots = archive.extra_data["filament_slots"]
                            if print_status != "completed":
                                scale = max(0.0, min((data.get("progress") or 0) / 100.0, 1.0))
                                slots = [{**s, "used_g": round(s["used_g"] * scale, 1)} for s in slots]
                            archive_data["filament_slots"] = slots

                        # Enrich filament_grams from usage_results when archive has no 3MF data
                        if not archive_data.get("actual_filament_grams") and usage_results:
                            total_from_usage = sum(r.get("weight_used", 0) for r in usage_results)
                            if total_from_usage > 0:
                                archive_data["actual_filament_grams"] = round(total_from_usage, 1)

                        # Pass usage tracker results for AMS slot info in notifications
                        if usage_results:
                            archive_data["usage_results"] = usage_results
                        # Add finish photo URL and image bytes if available
                        if finish_photo_filename:
                            from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting

                            external_url = await get_setting(db, "external_url")
                            if external_url:
                                external_url = external_url.rstrip("/")
                                archive_data["finish_photo_url"] = (
                                    f"{external_url}/api/v1/archives/{archive_id}/photos/{finish_photo_filename}"
                                )
                            else:
                                # Fallback to relative URL (won't work for external services)
                                archive_data["finish_photo_url"] = (
                                    f"/api/v1/archives/{archive_id}/photos/{finish_photo_filename}"
                                )

                            # Read finish photo bytes for image attachment (e.g. Pushover)
                            try:
                                from pathlib import Path

                                photo_path = (
                                    app_settings.base_dir
                                    / Path(archive.file_path).parent
                                    / "photos"
                                    / finish_photo_filename
                                )
                                if photo_path.exists():
                                    photo_bytes = await asyncio.to_thread(photo_path.read_bytes)
                                    if len(photo_bytes) <= 2_500_000:
                                        archive_data["image_data"] = photo_bytes
                                        logger.info("[NOTIFY-BG] Loaded finish photo bytes: %s bytes", len(photo_bytes))
                                    else:
                                        logger.warning(
                                            f"[NOTIFY-BG] Finish photo too large for attachment: "
                                            f"{len(photo_bytes)} bytes"
                                        )
                            except Exception as e:
                                logger.warning("[NOTIFY-BG] Failed to read finish photo bytes: %s", e)

                await notification_service.on_print_complete(
                    printer_id, printer_name, print_status, data, db, archive_data=archive_data
                )

                # Send user-specific email notification
                if archive_data:
                    created_by_id = archive_data.get("created_by_id")
                    raw_filename = data.get("subtask_name") or data.get("filename", "Unknown")
                    await _dispatch_user_print_email(
                        print_status,
                        created_by_id,
                        printer_name,
                        raw_filename,
                        db,
                    )

                logger.info("[NOTIFY-BG] Completed")
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error("[NOTIFY-BG] Failed: %s", e, exc_info=True)

    async def _background_maintenance_check():
        """Check for maintenance due in background."""
        if print_status != "completed":
            return
        try:
            logger.info("[MAINT-BG] Starting maintenance check for printer %s", printer_id)
            async with async_session() as db:
                from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

                result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
                printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                printer_name = printer.name if printer else f"Printer {printer_id}"

                await ensure_default_types(db)
                overview = await _get_printer_maintenance_internal(printer_id, db, commit=True)

                items_needing_attention = [
                    {"name": item.maintenance_type_name, "is_due": item.is_due, "is_warning": item.is_warning}
                    for item in overview.maintenance_items
                    if item.enabled and (item.is_due or item.is_warning)
                ]

                if items_needing_attention:
                    await notification_service.on_maintenance_due(printer_id, printer_name, items_needing_attention, db)
                    logger.info("[MAINT-BG] Sent notification: %s items need attention", len(items_needing_attention))

                    # MQTT relay - publish maintenance alerts
                    for item in items_needing_attention:
                        try:
                            await mqtt_relay.on_maintenance_alert(
                                printer_id=printer_id,
                                printer_name=printer_name,
                                maintenance_type=item["name"],
                                current_value=0,  # Not easily available here
                                threshold=0,  # Not easily available here
                            )
                        except Exception:
                            pass  # Don't fail if MQTT fails
                else:
                    logger.info("[MAINT-BG] Completed (no items need attention)")
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("[MAINT-BG] Failed: %s", e)

    asyncio.create_task(_background_smart_plug())
    asyncio.create_task(_background_maintenance_check())

    # Notification task waits for photo capture to complete first (with timeout)
    async def _photo_then_notify():
        """Wait for photo capture, then send notification with photo URL."""
        finish_photo = None
        try:
            finish_photo = await asyncio.wait_for(photo_task, timeout=45)
            logger.info("[PHOTO-NOTIFY] Photo task returned: %s", finish_photo)
        except TimeoutError:
            logger.warning("[PHOTO-NOTIFY] Photo capture timed out after 45s, sending notification without photo")
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("[PHOTO-NOTIFY] Photo task failed: %s", e)
        try:
            await _background_notifications(finish_photo)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error("[PHOTO-NOTIFY] Notification sending failed: %s", e, exc_info=True)

    asyncio.create_task(_photo_then_notify())

    # Stitch external camera layer timelapse if session was active
    print_status = data.get("status", "completed")

    async def _background_layer_timelapse():
        """Stitch layer timelapse and attach to archive."""
        from backend.app.services.layer_timelapse import cancel_session, on_print_complete as tl_complete

        try:
            if print_status == "completed":
                logger.info("[LAYER-TL] Stitching layer timelapse for printer %s", printer_id)
                timelapse_path = await tl_complete(printer_id)
                if timelapse_path and archive_id:
                    logger.info("[LAYER-TL] Attaching timelapse %s to archive %s", timelapse_path, archive_id)
                    async with async_session() as db:
                        service = ArchiveService(db)
                        timelapse_data = await asyncio.to_thread(timelapse_path.read_bytes)
                        await service.attach_timelapse(archive_id, timelapse_data, "layer_timelapse.mp4")
                        # Clean up the temp file
                        await asyncio.to_thread(timelapse_path.unlink, missing_ok=True)
                        logger.info("[LAYER-TL] Layer timelapse attached successfully")
                elif timelapse_path:
                    # Timelapse created but no archive - just clean up
                    await asyncio.to_thread(timelapse_path.unlink, missing_ok=True)
            else:
                # Print failed or cancelled - cancel timelapse session
                cancel_session(printer_id)
                logger.info(
                    "[LAYER-TL] Cancelled layer timelapse for printer %s (status: %s)", printer_id, print_status
                )
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("[LAYER-TL] Failed: %s", e)
            # Try to cancel session on error
            try:
                cancel_session(printer_id)
            except Exception:
                pass  # Best-effort timelapse session cancellation on error

    asyncio.create_task(_background_layer_timelapse())

    log_timing("All background tasks scheduled")

    # Auto-scan for timelapse if recording was active during the print
    if archive_id and data.get("timelapse_was_active") and data.get("status") == "completed":
        logger.info("[TIMELAPSE] Timelapse was active during print, scheduling auto-scan for archive %s", archive_id)
        # Schedule timelapse scan as background task with retries
        # The printer needs time to encode the video after print completion
        baseline = _timelapse_baselines.pop(printer_id, None)
        asyncio.create_task(_scan_for_timelapse_with_retries(archive_id, baseline))
        log_timing("Timelapse scan scheduled")

    logger.info("[CALLBACK] on_print_complete finished for printer %s, archive %s", printer_id, archive_id)


# AMS sensor history recording
_ams_history_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
AMS_HISTORY_INTERVAL = 300  # Record every 5 minutes
AMS_HISTORY_RETENTION_DAYS = 30  # Keep data for 30 days
_ams_cleanup_counter = 0  # Track recordings to trigger periodic cleanup
# Track alarm cooldowns (printer_id:ams_id:type -> last_alarm_time)
_ams_alarm_cooldown: dict[str, datetime] = {}
AMS_ALARM_COOLDOWN_MINUTES = 60  # Don't send same alarm more than once per hour


async def record_ams_history():
    """Background task to record AMS humidity and temperature data."""
    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    # Wait a short time for MQTT connections to establish on startup
    await asyncio.sleep(10)

    while True:
        try:
            from backend.app.models.ams_history import AMSSensorHistory
            from backend.app.models.printer import Printer
            from backend.app.models.settings import Settings

            async with async_session() as db:
                # Get all active printers
                result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.is_active.is_(True)))
                printers = result.scalars().all()

                # Get alarm thresholds from settings
                humidity_threshold = 60.0  # Default: fair threshold
                temp_threshold = 35.0  # Default: fair threshold
                result = await db.execute(select(Settings).where(Settings.key == "ams_humidity_fair"))
                setting = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                if setting:
                    try:
                        humidity_threshold = float(setting.value)
                    except (ValueError, TypeError):
                        pass  # Keep default threshold if stored value is invalid
                result = await db.execute(select(Settings).where(Settings.key == "ams_temp_fair"))
                setting = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                if setting:
                    try:
                        temp_threshold = float(setting.value)
                    except (ValueError, TypeError):
                        pass  # Keep default threshold if stored value is invalid

                recorded_count = 0
                for printer in printers:
                    # Get current state from printer manager
                    state = printer_manager.get_status(printer.id)
                    if not state or not state.connected or not state.raw_data:
                        continue  # Skip disconnected printers - don't use stale data

                    raw_data = state.raw_data
                    if "ams" not in raw_data or not isinstance(raw_data["ams"], list):
                        continue

                    # Record data for each AMS unit
                    for ams_data in raw_data["ams"]:
                        ams_id = int(ams_data.get("id", 0))

                        # Get humidity (prefer humidity_raw)
                        humidity_raw = ams_data.get("humidity_raw")
                        humidity_idx = ams_data.get("humidity")
                        humidity = None
                        if humidity_raw is not None:
                            try:
                                humidity = float(humidity_raw)
                            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                                pass  # Skip unparseable humidity; will try fallback
                        if humidity is None and humidity_idx is not None:
                            try:
                                humidity = float(humidity_idx)
                            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                                pass  # Skip unparseable humidity index value

                        # Get temperature
                        temperature = None
                        temp_str = ams_data.get("temp")
                        if temp_str is not None:
                            try:
                                temperature = float(temp_str)
                            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                                pass  # Skip unparseable temperature value

                        # Skip if no data
                        if humidity is None and temperature is None:
                            continue

                        # Record the data point
                        history = AMSSensorHistory(
                            printer_id=printer.id,
                            ams_id=ams_id,
                            humidity=humidity,
                            humidity_raw=float(humidity_raw) if humidity_raw else None,
                            temperature=temperature,
                        )
                        db.add(history)
                        recorded_count += 1

                        # Generate AMS label and determine if it's AMS-HT (A, B, C, D or HT-A for AMS-Lite/Hub)
                        is_ams_ht = ams_id >= 128
                        if is_ams_ht:
                            ams_label = f"HT-{chr(65 + (ams_id - 128))}"
                        else:
                            ams_label = f"AMS-{chr(65 + ams_id)}"

                        # Check humidity alarm (only if above threshold)
                        if humidity is not None and humidity > humidity_threshold:
                            cooldown_key = f"{printer.id}:{ams_id}:humidity"
                            last_alarm = _ams_alarm_cooldown.get(cooldown_key)
                            now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                            if (
                                last_alarm is None
                                or (now - last_alarm).total_seconds() >= AMS_ALARM_COOLDOWN_MINUTES * 60
                            ):
                                _ams_alarm_cooldown[cooldown_key] = now
                                logger.info(
                                    f"Sending humidity alarm for {printer.name} {ams_label}: {humidity}% > {humidity_threshold}%"
                                )
                                try:
                                    # Call different notification method based on AMS type
                                    if is_ams_ht:
                                        await notification_service.on_ams_ht_humidity_high(
                                            printer.id, printer.name, ams_label, humidity, humidity_threshold, db
                                        )
                                    else:
                                        await notification_service.on_ams_humidity_high(
                                            printer.id, printer.name, ams_label, humidity, humidity_threshold, db
                                        )
                                except Exception as e:
                                    logger.warning("Failed to send humidity alarm: %s", e)

                        # Check temperature alarm (only if above threshold)
                        if temperature is not None and temperature > temp_threshold:
                            cooldown_key = f"{printer.id}:{ams_id}:temperature"
                            last_alarm = _ams_alarm_cooldown.get(cooldown_key)
                            now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                            if (
                                last_alarm is None
                                or (now - last_alarm).total_seconds() >= AMS_ALARM_COOLDOWN_MINUTES * 60
                            ):
                                _ams_alarm_cooldown[cooldown_key] = now
                                logger.info(
                                    f"Sending temperature alarm for {printer.name} {ams_label}: {temperature}°C > {temp_threshold}°C"
                                )
                                try:
                                    # Call different notification method based on AMS type
                                    if is_ams_ht:
                                        await notification_service.on_ams_ht_temperature_high(
                                            printer.id, printer.name, ams_label, temperature, temp_threshold, db
                                        )
                                    else:
                                        await notification_service.on_ams_temperature_high(
                                            printer.id, printer.name, ams_label, temperature, temp_threshold, db
                                        )
                                except Exception as e:
                                    logger.warning("Failed to send temperature alarm: %s", e)

                await db.commit()
                if recorded_count > 0:
                    logger.info("Recorded %s AMS sensor history entries", recorded_count)

                # Periodic cleanup of old data (every ~288 recordings = ~24 hours at 5min interval)
                global _ams_cleanup_counter
                _ams_cleanup_counter += 1
                if _ams_cleanup_counter >= 288:
                    _ams_cleanup_counter = 0
                    # Get retention days from settings
                    from backend.app.models.settings import Settings

                    result = await db.execute(select(Settings).where(Settings.key == "ams_history_retention_days"))
                    setting = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                    retention_days = int(setting.value) if setting else AMS_HISTORY_RETENTION_DAYS

                    cutoff = datetime.utcnow() - timedelta(days=retention_days)
                    result = await db.execute(delete(AMSSensorHistory).where(AMSSensorHistory.recorded_at < cutoff))
                    await db.commit()
                    if result.rowcount > 0:
                        logger.info(
                            f"Cleaned up {result.rowcount} old AMS sensor history entries (older than {retention_days} days)"
                        )

            # Wait until next recording interval
            await asyncio.sleep(AMS_HISTORY_INTERVAL)

        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            break
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("AMS history recording failed: %s", e)
            await asyncio.sleep(60)  # Wait a bit before retrying


def start_ams_history_recording():
    """Start the AMS history recording background task."""
    global _ams_history_task
    if _ams_history_task is None:
        _ams_history_task = asyncio.create_task(record_ams_history())
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("AMS history recording started")


def stop_ams_history_recording():
    """Stop the AMS history recording background task."""
    global _ams_history_task
    if _ams_history_task:
        _ams_history_task.cancel()
        _ams_history_task = None
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("AMS history recording stopped")


# Printer runtime tracking
_runtime_tracking_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
RUNTIME_TRACKING_INTERVAL = 30  # Update every 30 seconds


async def track_printer_runtime():
    """Background task to track printer active runtime (RUNNING/PAUSE states)."""
    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    # Wait for MQTT connections to establish on startup
    await asyncio.sleep(15)

    while True:
        try:
            from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

            # Fetch printer IDs in a short-lived read-only session
            async with async_session() as db:
                result = await db.execute(
                    select(Printer.id, Printer.name, Printer.runtime_seconds, Printer.last_runtime_update).where(
                        Printer.is_active.is_(True)
                    )
                )
                printer_rows = result.all()

            now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            updated_count = 0

            # Update each printer in its own short session to minimise write-lock
            # hold time and avoid blocking critical commits like queue status
            # updates (#897).
            for pid, pname, runtime_secs, last_update in printer_rows:
                state = printer_manager.get_status(pid)
                if not state:
                    logger.debug("[%s] Runtime tracking: no state available", pname)
                    continue
                if not state.connected:
                    logger.debug("[%s] Runtime tracking: not connected", pname)
                    continue

                needs_commit = False
                new_runtime = runtime_secs
                new_last_update = last_update

                if state.state in ("RUNNING", "PAUSE"):
                    if last_update:
                        lu = last_update if last_update.tzinfo else last_update.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
                        elapsed = (now - lu).total_seconds()
                        if elapsed > 0:
                            new_runtime = runtime_secs + int(elapsed)
                            updated_count += 1
                            needs_commit = True
                            logger.debug(
                                f"[{pname}] Runtime tracking: added {int(elapsed)}s, "
                                f"total={new_runtime}s ({new_runtime / 3600:.2f}h)"
                            )
                    else:
                        needs_commit = True
                        logger.debug("[%s] Runtime tracking: first active detection", pname)
                    new_last_update = now
                else:
                    if last_update is not None:
                        logger.debug(f"[{pname}] Runtime tracking: state={state.state}, clearing last_runtime_update")
                        new_last_update = None
                        needs_commit = True

                if needs_commit:
                    try:
                        async with async_session() as db:
                            result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == pid))
                            printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                            if printer:
                                printer.runtime_seconds = new_runtime
                                printer.last_runtime_update = new_last_update
                                await db.commit()
                    except Exception as e:
                        logger.warning("[%s] Runtime tracking commit failed: %s", pname, e)

            if updated_count > 0:
                logger.debug("Updated runtime for %s printer(s)", updated_count)

        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            logger.info("Runtime tracking cancelled")
            break
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("Runtime tracking failed: %s", e)

        await asyncio.sleep(RUNTIME_TRACKING_INTERVAL)


def start_runtime_tracking():
    """Start the printer runtime tracking background task."""
    global _runtime_tracking_task
    if _runtime_tracking_task is None:
        _runtime_tracking_task = asyncio.create_task(track_printer_runtime())
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("Printer runtime tracking started")


def stop_runtime_tracking():
    """Stop the printer runtime tracking background task."""
    global _runtime_tracking_task
    if _runtime_tracking_task:
        _runtime_tracking_task.cancel()
        _runtime_tracking_task = None
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("Printer runtime tracking stopped")


# SpoolBuddy device watchdog
_spoolbuddy_watchdog_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
SPOOLBUDDY_WATCHDOG_INTERVAL = 15


async def _spoolbuddy_watchdog_loop():
    """Periodic check for SpoolBuddy devices that have gone offline."""
    from backend.app.api.routes.spoolbuddy import spoolbuddy_watchdog

    while True:
        try:
            await spoolbuddy_watchdog()
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            break
        except Exception as e:
            logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("SpoolBuddy watchdog failed: %s", e)
        await asyncio.sleep(SPOOLBUDDY_WATCHDOG_INTERVAL)


def start_spoolbuddy_watchdog():
    global _spoolbuddy_watchdog_task
    if _spoolbuddy_watchdog_task is None:
        _spoolbuddy_watchdog_task = asyncio.create_task(_spoolbuddy_watchdog_loop())
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("SpoolBuddy watchdog started")


def stop_spoolbuddy_watchdog():
    global _spoolbuddy_watchdog_task
    if _spoolbuddy_watchdog_task:
        _spoolbuddy_watchdog_task.cancel()
        _spoolbuddy_watchdog_task = None
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("SpoolBuddy watchdog stopped")


# Camera stream orphan cleanup
_camera_cleanup_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
CAMERA_CLEANUP_INTERVAL = 60


async def _camera_cleanup_loop():
    """Periodically clean up orphaned ffmpeg processes."""
    from backend.app.api.routes.camera import cleanup_orphaned_streams

    while True:
        try:
            await cleanup_orphaned_streams()
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            break
        except Exception as e:
            logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("Camera stream cleanup failed: %s", e)
        await asyncio.sleep(CAMERA_CLEANUP_INTERVAL)


def start_camera_cleanup():
    global _camera_cleanup_task
    if _camera_cleanup_task is None:
        _camera_cleanup_task = asyncio.create_task(_camera_cleanup_loop())
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("Camera stream cleanup started")


def stop_camera_cleanup():
    global _camera_cleanup_task
    if _camera_cleanup_task:
        _camera_cleanup_task.cancel()
        _camera_cleanup_task = None
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("Camera stream cleanup stopped")


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Expected-print TTL eviction
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


def _evict_stale_expected_prints() -> None:
    """Remove entries from _expected_prints / _expected_print_creators that are
    older than _EXPECTED_PRINT_TTL_SECONDS.

    This prevents unbounded growth when a print is registered (via
    register_expected_print) but on_print_start never fires — e.g. because the
    printer disconnects, the app restarts, or the print is started directly from
    the printer panel without going through the queue.
    """
    # Use monotonic time so the TTL is unaffected by system clock adjustments
    # (e.g. NTP sync, DST changes).
    cutoff = time.monotonic() - _EXPECTED_PRINT_TTL_SECONDS
    stale_keys = [k for k, t in _expected_print_registered_at.items() if t < cutoff]
    if not stale_keys:
        return

    evicted_archive_ids: set[int] = set()
    for key in stale_keys:
        archive_id = _expected_prints.pop(key, None)
        if archive_id is not None:
            evicted_archive_ids.add(archive_id)
        _expected_print_creators.pop(key, None)
        _expected_print_registered_at.pop(key, None)

    # Also clean up _print_ams_mappings for archive_ids that have no remaining
    # live keys in _expected_prints (i.e. all variants were just evicted).
    live_archive_ids = set(_expected_prints.values())
    for archive_id in evicted_archive_ids:
        if archive_id not in live_archive_ids:
            _print_ams_mappings.pop(archive_id, None)

    logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
        "Evicted %d stale expected-print entries (TTL=%ds)", len(stale_keys), _EXPECTED_PRINT_TTL_SECONDS
    )


async def _expected_prints_cleanup_loop() -> None:
    """Background task: periodically evict stale expected-print entries."""
    while True:
        try:
            _evict_stale_expected_prints()
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("Expected prints cleanup failed: %s", e)
        await asyncio.sleep(_EXPECTED_PRINT_CLEANUP_INTERVAL)


def start_expected_prints_cleanup() -> None:
    global _expected_prints_cleanup_task
    if _expected_prints_cleanup_task is None:
        _expected_prints_cleanup_task = asyncio.create_task(_expected_prints_cleanup_loop())
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("Expected prints cleanup started")


def stop_expected_prints_cleanup() -> None:
    global _expected_prints_cleanup_task
    if _expected_prints_cleanup_task:
        _expected_prints_cleanup_task.cancel()
        _expected_prints_cleanup_task = None
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("Expected prints cleanup stopped")


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# L-2: Periodic auth-token cleanup (stale TOTP + expired revoked JTIs)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

_auth_cleanup_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
_AUTH_CLEANUP_INTERVAL = 3600  # seconds (hourly)


async def _run_auth_cleanup() -> None:
    """Single cleanup pass: remove stale TOTP records, expired revoked JTIs, and old rate-limit events."""
    from backend.app.core.database import async_session
    from backend.app.models.auth_ephemeral import AuthEphemeralToken, AuthRateLimitEvent
    from backend.app.models.user_totp import UserTOTP

    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

    # Remove unconfirmed (is_enabled=False) TOTP records older than 1 hour.
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            stale_cutoff = now - timedelta(hours=1)
            result = await db.execute(
                select(UserTOTP).where(
                    UserTOTP.is_enabled.is_(False),
                    UserTOTP.created_at < stale_cutoff,
                )
            )
            stale_records = result.scalars().all()
            if stale_records:
                for rec in stale_records:
                    await db.delete(rec)
                await db.commit()
                logging.info("Auth cleanup: removed %d stale unconfirmed TOTP record(s)", len(stale_records))
    except Exception as e:
        logging.warning("Auth cleanup: failed to purge stale TOTP records: %s", e)

    # Remove expired revoked-JTI entries (they are no longer needed once the
    # original token's exp has passed — the token would be rejected by JWT
    # signature verification regardless).
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            await db.execute(
                delete(AuthEphemeralToken).where(
                    AuthEphemeralToken.token_type == "revoked_jti",
                    AuthEphemeralToken.expires_at < now,
                )
            )
            await db.commit()
    except Exception as e:
        logging.warning("Auth cleanup: failed to purge expired revoked JTIs: %s", e)

    # L-R6-B: Purge AuthRateLimitEvent rows older than the lockout window (15 min).
    # Events outside this window can never affect rate-limit decisions — they only
    # consume DB space.  Use the same window constant as the rate limiter so the
    # two are always in sync.
    try:
        from backend.app.api.routes.mfa import LOCKOUT_WINDOW

        async with async_session() as db:
            await db.execute(
                delete(AuthRateLimitEvent).where(
                    AuthRateLimitEvent.occurred_at < now - LOCKOUT_WINDOW,
                )
            )
            await db.commit()
    except Exception as e:
        logging.warning("Auth cleanup: failed to purge stale rate-limit events: %s", e)


async def _auth_cleanup_loop() -> None:
    """Periodic background task: run auth cleanup every hour."""
    while True:
        try:
            await _run_auth_cleanup()
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            break
        except Exception as e:
            logging.warning("Auth cleanup loop error: %s", e)
        await asyncio.sleep(_AUTH_CLEANUP_INTERVAL)


def start_auth_cleanup() -> None:
    global _auth_cleanup_task
    if _auth_cleanup_task is None:
        _auth_cleanup_task = asyncio.create_task(_auth_cleanup_loop())
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("Auth periodic cleanup started")


def stop_auth_cleanup() -> None:
    global _auth_cleanup_task
    if _auth_cleanup_task:
        _auth_cleanup_task.cancel()
        _auth_cleanup_task = None
        logging.getLogger(__name__).info("Auth periodic cleanup stopped")


@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
    # Startup
    await init_db()

    # Fix queue items stuck with invalid "aborted" status (should be "cancelled").
    # This can happen when a print was cancelled mid-print on versions before this fix.
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.models.print_queue import PrintQueueItem

            result = await db.execute(select(PrintQueueItem).where(PrintQueueItem.status == "aborted"))
            aborted_items = result.scalars().all()
            if aborted_items:
                for item in aborted_items:
                    item.status = "cancelled"
                await db.commit()
                logging.info("Fixed %d queue item(s) with invalid 'aborted' status → 'cancelled'", len(aborted_items))
    except Exception as e:
        logging.warning("Failed to fix aborted queue items: %s", e)

    # Restore debug logging state from previous session
    await init_debug_logging()

    # Set up printer manager callbacks
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    printer_manager.set_event_loop(loop)
    printer_manager.set_status_change_callback(on_printer_status_change)
    printer_manager.set_print_start_callback(on_print_start)
    printer_manager.set_print_complete_callback(on_print_complete)
    printer_manager.set_ams_change_callback(on_ams_change)

    # Rehydrate persisted awaiting-plate-clear gate (#961) so prompts survive restarts
    await printer_manager.load_awaiting_plate_clear_from_db()

    # Layer change callback for external camera timelapse
    async def on_layer_change(printer_id: int, layer_num: int):
        """Capture timelapse frame on layer change + first layer notification."""
        from backend.app.services.layer_timelapse import on_layer_change as tl_layer_change

        await tl_layer_change(printer_id, layer_num)

        # First layer complete notification (layer_num >= 2 means layer 1 is done)
        if 2 <= layer_num <= 5 and not _first_layer_notified.get(printer_id, False):
            _first_layer_notified[printer_id] = True
            try:
                async with async_session() as db:
                    from backend.app.models.printer import Printer

                    result = await db.execute(select(Printer).where(Printer.id == printer_id))
                    printer = result.scalar_one_or_none()
                    if not printer:
                        return
                    printer_name = printer.name
                    client = printer_manager.get_client(printer_id)
                    state = client.state if client else None
                    filename = (state.subtask_name or state.gcode_file or "Unknown") if state else "Unknown"
                    total_layers = state.total_layers if state else 0

                    image_data = await _capture_snapshot_for_notification(
                        printer_id, printer, logging.getLogger(__name__)
                    )
                    await notification_service.on_first_layer_complete(
                        printer_id, printer_name, filename, total_layers, db, image_data=image_data
                    )
            except Exception as e:
                logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("First layer notification failed: %s", e)

    printer_manager.set_layer_change_callback(on_layer_change)

    # Event-driven bed cooldown: fires whenever bed_temper arrives via MQTT
    async def on_bed_temp_update(printer_id: int, bed_temp: float):
        waiter = _bed_cool_waiters.get(printer_id)
        if not waiter:
            return
        threshold = waiter["threshold"]
        if bed_temp > threshold:
            return
        # Bed is at or below threshold — fire notification and remove waiter
        waiter_info = _bed_cool_waiters.pop(printer_id, None)
        if not waiter_info:
            return  # Another callback already handled it
        bed_cool_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
        bed_cool_logger.info(
            "[BED-COOL] Bed cooled to %.1f°C on printer %s (threshold: %.0f°C)",
            bed_temp,
            printer_id,
            threshold,
        )
        try:
            printer_info = printer_manager.get_printer(printer_id)
            p_name = printer_info.name if printer_info else "Unknown"
            async with async_session() as db:
                await notification_service.on_bed_cooled(
                    printer_id=printer_id,
                    printer_name=p_name,
                    bed_temp=bed_temp,
                    threshold=threshold,
                    filename=waiter_info["filename"],
                    db=db,
                )
        except Exception as e:
            bed_cool_logger.warning("[BED-COOL] Failed to send notification: %s", e)

    printer_manager.set_bed_temp_update_callback(on_bed_temp_update)

    # Initialize MQTT relay from settings
    async with async_session() as db:
        from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting

        mqtt_settings = {
            "mqtt_enabled": (await get_setting(db, "mqtt_enabled") or "false") == "true",
            "mqtt_broker": await get_setting(db, "mqtt_broker") or "",
            "mqtt_port": int(await get_setting(db, "mqtt_port") or "1883"),
            "mqtt_username": await get_setting(db, "mqtt_username") or "",
            "mqtt_password": await get_setting(db, "mqtt_password") or "",
            "mqtt_topic_prefix": await get_setting(db, "mqtt_topic_prefix") or "bambuddy",
            "mqtt_use_tls": (await get_setting(db, "mqtt_use_tls") or "false") == "true",
        }
        await mqtt_relay.configure(mqtt_settings)

        # Restore MQTT smart plug subscriptions
        if mqtt_settings.get("mqtt_enabled"):
            from backend.app.models.smart_plug import SmartPlug

            result = await db.execute(select(SmartPlug).where(SmartPlug.plug_type == "mqtt"))
            mqtt_plugs = result.scalars().all()
            for plug in mqtt_plugs:
                if plug.mqtt_topic:
                    mqtt_relay.smart_plug_service.subscribe(
                        plug_id=plug.id,
                        topic=plug.mqtt_topic,
                        power_path=plug.mqtt_power_path,
                        energy_path=plug.mqtt_energy_path,
                        state_path=plug.mqtt_state_path,
                        multiplier=plug.mqtt_multiplier or 1.0,
                    )
            if mqtt_plugs:
                logging.info("Restored %s MQTT smart plug subscriptions", len(mqtt_plugs))

    # Connect to all active printers
    async with async_session() as db:
        await init_printer_connections(db)

    # Auto-connect to Spoolman if enabled
    async with async_session() as db:
        from backend.app.api.routes.settings import get_setting

        spoolman_enabled = await get_setting(db, "spoolman_enabled")
        spoolman_url = await get_setting(db, "spoolman_url")

        if spoolman_enabled and spoolman_enabled.lower() == "true" and spoolman_url:
            try:
                client = await init_spoolman_client(spoolman_url)
                if await client.health_check():
                    logging.info("Auto-connected to Spoolman at %s", spoolman_url)
                    # Ensure the 'tag' extra field exists for RFID/UUID storage
                    await client.ensure_tag_extra_field()
                else:
                    logging.warning("Spoolman at %s is not reachable", spoolman_url)
            except Exception as e:
                logging.warning("Failed to auto-connect to Spoolman: %s", e)

    # Start the print scheduler
    asyncio.create_task(print_scheduler.run())

    # Start background dispatch worker for send/start operations
    await background_dispatch.start()

    # Start the smart plug scheduler for time-based on/off
    smart_plug_manager.start_scheduler()

    # Resume any pending auto-offs that were interrupted by restart
    await smart_plug_manager.resume_pending_auto_offs()

    # Start the notification digest scheduler
    notification_service.start_digest_scheduler()

    # Start the GitHub backup scheduler
    await github_backup_service.start_scheduler()

    # Start the local backup scheduler
    await local_backup_service.start_scheduler()
    await obico_detection_service.start()

    # Start AMS history recording
    start_ams_history_recording()

    # Start printer runtime tracking
    start_runtime_tracking()

    # Start SpoolBuddy device watchdog
    start_spoolbuddy_watchdog()

    # Start camera stream orphan cleanup
    start_camera_cleanup()

    # Start expected-print TTL eviction (prevents memory leak when prints are
    # registered but on_print_start never fires)
    start_expected_prints_cleanup()

    # L-2: Start periodic auth cleanup (stale TOTP + expired revoked JTIs)
    start_auth_cleanup()

    # Initialize virtual printer manager and sync from DB
    from backend.app.services.virtual_printer import virtual_printer_manager

    virtual_printer_manager.set_session_factory(async_session)
    try:
        await virtual_printer_manager.sync_from_db()
        logging.info("Virtual printer manager synced from database")
    except Exception as e:
        logging.warning("Failed to sync virtual printers: %s", e)

    yield

    # Shutdown
    print_scheduler.stop()
    await background_dispatch.stop()
    smart_plug_manager.stop_scheduler()
    notification_service.stop_digest_scheduler()
    github_backup_service.stop_scheduler()
    local_backup_service.stop_scheduler()
    obico_detection_service.stop()
    stop_ams_history_recording()
    stop_runtime_tracking()
    stop_spoolbuddy_watchdog()
    stop_camera_cleanup()
    stop_expected_prints_cleanup()
    stop_auth_cleanup()
    printer_manager.disconnect_all()
    await close_spoolman_client()

    # Stop all virtual printer services
    await virtual_printer_manager.stop_all()

    await mqtt_smart_plug_service.disconnect(timeout=2)

    await mqtt_relay.disconnect(timeout=2)

    # Checkpoint WAL (SQLite only) and close all database connections
    from backend.app.core.db_dialect import is_sqlite

    if is_sqlite():
        try:
            async with engine.begin() as conn:
                await conn.execute(text("PRAGMA wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE)"))
            logging.info("WAL checkpoint completed")
        except Exception as e:
            logging.warning("WAL checkpoint failed: %s", e)
    await engine.dispose()


app = FastAPI(
    title=app_settings.app_name,
    description="Archive and manage Bambu Lab 3MF files",
    version=APP_VERSION,
    lifespan=lifespan,
)


# =============================================================================
# Authentication Middleware - Secures ALL API routes by default
# =============================================================================
# Public routes that don't require authentication even when auth is enabled
PUBLIC_API_ROUTES = {
    # Auth routes needed before/during login
    "/api/v1/auth/status",
    "/api/v1/auth/login",
    "/api/v1/auth/setup",  # Needed for initial setup and recovery
    # Advanced auth status needed for login page
    "/api/v1/auth/advanced-auth/status",
    "/api/v1/auth/forgot-password",  # Password reset for advanced auth
    "/api/v1/auth/forgot-password/confirm",  # Complete password reset with token (H-6)
    # 2FA routes that are called BEFORE a JWT is issued (pre-auth flow)
    "/api/v1/auth/2fa/verify",  # Exchange pre_auth_token + 2FA code for JWT
    "/api/v1/auth/2fa/email/send",  # Send OTP email (pre_auth_token based)
    # OIDC routes that must be reachable without a JWT
    "/api/v1/auth/oidc/providers",  # Public list of enabled providers
    "/api/v1/auth/oidc/callback",  # Redirect target from OIDC provider
    "/api/v1/auth/oidc/exchange",  # Exchange short-lived OIDC token for JWT
    # Version check for updates (no sensitive data)
    "/api/v1/updates/version",
    # Metrics endpoint handles its own prometheus_token authentication
    "/api/v1/metrics",
}

# Route prefixes that are public (for routes with dynamic segments)
PUBLIC_API_PREFIXES = [
    # WebSocket connections handle their own auth
    "/api/v1/ws",
    # OIDC authorize redirects — include provider_id in path
    "/api/v1/auth/oidc/authorize/",
]

# Route patterns that are public (read-only display data)
# These are checked with "in path" - needed because browsers load images/videos
# via <img src> and <video src> which don't include Authorization headers
PUBLIC_API_PATTERNS = [
    # Thumbnails
    "/thumbnail",  # /archives/{id}/thumbnail, /library/files/{id}/thumbnail
    "/plate-thumbnail/",  # /archives/{id}/plate-thumbnail/{plate_id}
    # Images and media
    "/photos/",  # /archives/{id}/photos/{filename}
    "/project-image/",  # /archives/{id}/project-image/{path}
    "/qrcode",  # /archives/{id}/qrcode
    "/timelapse",  # /archives/{id}/timelapse (video)
    "/cover",  # /printers/{id}/cover
    "/icon",  # /external-links/{id}/icon
    # Camera (streams loaded via <img> tag)
    "/camera/stream",  # /printers/{id}/camera/stream
    "/camera/snapshot",  # /printers/{id}/camera/snapshot
    # Slicer token-authenticated downloads — protocol handlers (bambustudioopen://,
    # orcaslicer://) cannot send auth headers. These endpoints validate a short-lived
    # download token in the URL path instead.
    "/dl/",  # /archives/{id}/dl/{token}/{filename}, /library/files/{id}/dl/{token}/{filename}
    # Obico ML API fetches JPEG frames by one-shot nonce (issue #172 follow-up).
    # The nonce itself is the credential: 32-byte random, single-use, ~30s TTL.
    "/obico/cached-frame/",  # /obico/cached-frame/{nonce}
]


@app.middleware("http")
async def security_headers_middleware(request, call_next):
    """Add standard HTTP security headers to every response."""
    response = await call_next(request)
    response.headers["X-Content-Type-Options"] = "nosniff"
    response.headers["X-Frame-Options"] = "SAMEORIGIN"
    response.headers["Referrer-Policy"] = "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
    # Content-Security-Policy for the React SPA.
    # Notes:
    #   - 'unsafe-inline' for style-src: React and UI libs inject inline styles at runtime.
    #   - connect-src ws:/wss:: MQTT/printer WebSocket connections.
    #   - img-src data: / blob:: base64 thumbnails and Blob-URL timelapse previews.
    #   - media-src blob:: timelapse video player uses Blob URLs.
    #   - font-src data:: some icon fonts are embedded as data URIs.
    response.headers["Content-Security-Policy"] = (
        "default-src 'self'; "
        "script-src 'self'; "
        "style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://fonts.googleapis.com; "
        "img-src 'self' data: blob:; "
        "media-src 'self' blob:; "
        "connect-src 'self' ws: wss:; "
        "font-src 'self' data: https://fonts.gstatic.com; "
        "object-src 'none'; "
        "base-uri 'self'; "
        "frame-src 'self' https:; "
        "frame-ancestors 'none';"
    )
    if request.url.scheme == "https":
        response.headers["Strict-Transport-Security"] = "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"
    return response


@app.middleware("http")
async def auth_middleware(request, call_next):
    """Enforce authentication on all API routes when auth is enabled.

    This middleware provides defense-in-depth by checking auth at the API gateway level,
    regardless of whether individual routes have auth dependencies.
    """
    from starlette.responses import JSONResponse

    path = request.url.path

    # Only apply to API routes
    if not path.startswith("/api/"):
        return await call_next(request)

    # Allow public routes
    if path in PUBLIC_API_ROUTES:
        return await call_next(request)

    # Allow public prefixes
    for prefix in PUBLIC_API_PREFIXES:
        if path.startswith(prefix):
            return await call_next(request)

    # Allow public patterns (read-only display data like thumbnails)
    for pattern in PUBLIC_API_PATTERNS:
        if pattern in path:
            return await call_next(request)

    # Check if auth is enabled
    try:
        async with async_session() as db:
            from backend.app.core.auth import is_auth_enabled

            auth_enabled = await is_auth_enabled(db)

        if not auth_enabled:
            # Auth disabled, allow all requests
            return await call_next(request)
    except Exception:
        # If we can't check auth status, allow request (fail open for DB issues)
        return await call_next(request)

    # Auth is enabled - require valid token
    auth_header = request.headers.get("Authorization")
    x_api_key = request.headers.get("X-API-Key")

    # Check for API key auth first
    if x_api_key or (auth_header and auth_header.startswith("Bearer bb_")):
        # API key authentication - let the request through to be validated by route handler
        # API keys are validated per-route since they have different permission levels
        return await call_next(request)

    # Check for JWT auth
    if not auth_header or not auth_header.startswith("Bearer "):
        return JSONResponse(
            status_code=401,
            content={"detail": "Authentication required"},
            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
        )

    # Validate JWT token
    import jwt

    try:
        from backend.app.core.auth import (
            ALGORITHM,
            SECRET_KEY,
            _is_token_fresh,
            get_user_by_username,
            is_jti_revoked,
        )

        token = auth_header.replace("Bearer ", "")
        payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
        username = payload.get("sub")
        if not username:
            raise ValueError("No username in token")
        jti = payload.get("jti")
        if not jti:
            raise ValueError("No jti in token")
        iat = payload.get("iat")

        # Reject revoked tokens (defense-in-depth gateway check)
        if await is_jti_revoked(jti):
            return JSONResponse(
                status_code=401,
                content={"detail": "Token has been revoked"},
                headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
            )

        # Verify user exists, is active, and token is still fresh (L-R8-A)
        async with async_session() as db:
            user = await get_user_by_username(db, username)
            if not user or not user.is_active:
                return JSONResponse(
                    status_code=401,
                    content={"detail": "User not found or inactive"},
                    headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
                )
            if not _is_token_fresh(iat, user):
                return JSONResponse(
                    status_code=401,
                    content={"detail": "Token no longer valid"},
                    headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
                )
    except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:
        return JSONResponse(
            status_code=401,
            content={"detail": "Token has expired"},
            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
        )
    except (jwt.InvalidTokenError, ValueError, Exception):
        return JSONResponse(
            status_code=401,
            content={"detail": "Invalid token"},
            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
        )

    return await call_next(request)


# API routes
app.include_router(auth.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(mfa.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(bug_report.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(users.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(groups.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(printers.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(archives.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(filaments.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(inventory.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(settings_routes.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(cloud.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(local_presets.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(smart_plugs.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(print_log.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(print_queue.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(background_dispatch_routes.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(kprofiles.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(notifications.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(notification_templates.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(user_notifications.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(spoolman.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(updates.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(maintenance.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(camera.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(external_links.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(projects.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(library.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(api_keys.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(webhook.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(ams_history.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(system.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(support.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(websocket.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(discovery.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(pending_uploads.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(firmware.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(github_backup.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(local_backup.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(obico.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(metrics.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(virtual_printers.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)
app.include_router(spoolbuddy.router, prefix=app_settings.api_prefix)


# Serve static files (React build)
if app_settings.static_dir.exists() and any(app_settings.static_dir.iterdir()):
    app.mount(
        "/assets",
        StaticFiles(directory=app_settings.static_dir / "assets"),
        name="assets",
    )
    if (app_settings.static_dir / "img").exists():
        app.mount(
            "/img",
            StaticFiles(directory=app_settings.static_dir / "img"),
            name="img",
        )
    if (app_settings.static_dir / "icons").exists():
        app.mount(
            "/icons",
            StaticFiles(directory=app_settings.static_dir / "icons"),
            name="icons",
        )


@app.get("/")
async def serve_frontend():
    """Serve the React frontend."""
    index_file = app_settings.static_dir / "index.html"
    if index_file.exists():
        return FileResponse(index_file)
    return {
        "message": "Bambuddy API",
        "docs": "/docs",
        "frontend": "Build and place React app in /static directory",
    }


@app.get("/health")
async def health_check():
    """Health check endpoint."""
    return {"status": "healthy"}


@app.get("/manifest.json")
async def serve_manifest():
    """Serve PWA manifest."""
    manifest_file = app_settings.static_dir / "manifest.json"
    if manifest_file.exists():
        return FileResponse(manifest_file, media_type="application/manifest+json")
    return {"error": "Manifest not found"}


@app.get("/sw.js")
async def serve_service_worker():
    """Serve service worker."""
    sw_file = app_settings.static_dir / "sw.js"
    if sw_file.exists():
        return FileResponse(
            sw_file,
            media_type="application/javascript",
            headers={"Cache-Control": "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"},
        )
    return {"error": "Service worker not found"}


@app.get("/sw-register.js")
async def serve_sw_register():
    """Serve the service-worker registration bootstrap script.

    Served as a real JS file so the strict `script-src 'self'` CSP covers it
    without needing 'unsafe-inline' or per-build hashes on the inline tag.
    """
    reg_file = app_settings.static_dir / "sw-register.js"
    if reg_file.exists():
        return FileResponse(reg_file, media_type="application/javascript")
    return {"error": "sw-register.js not found"}


# Catch-all route for React Router (must be last)
@app.get("/{full_path:path}")
async def serve_spa(full_path: str):
    """Serve React app for client-side routing."""
    # Don't intercept API routes - raise proper 404 so FastAPI can handle redirects
    if full_path.startswith("api/"):
        from fastapi import HTTPException

        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Not found")

    index_file = app_settings.static_dir / "index.html"
    if index_file.exists():
        return FileResponse(index_file)

    return {"error": "Frontend not built"}