bambuddy/backend/app/utils/threemf_tools.py

"""3MF file parsing utilities for filament tracking.

This module provides functions to parse Bambu Lab 3MF files and extract
per-layer filament usage data from the embedded G-code. This enables
accurate partial usage reporting for multi-material prints.
"""

import json
import logging
import math
import re
import zipfile
from pathlib import Path

import defusedxml.ElementTree as ET

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Default filament properties
DEFAULT_FILAMENT_DIAMETER = 1.75  # mm
DEFAULT_FILAMENT_DENSITY = 1.24  # g/cm³ (PLA)


def parse_gcode_layer_filament_usage(gcode_content: str) -> dict[int, dict[int, float]]:
    """Parse G-code to extract per-layer, per-filament cumulative extrusion in mm.

    This function tracks filament extrusion across layers and tool changes,
    building a cumulative usage map that can be used to calculate partial
    usage at any layer.

    Args:
        gcode_content: The raw G-code content as a string

    Returns:
        A nested dictionary mapping layer numbers to filament usage:
        {layer: {filament_id: cumulative_mm}, ...}

    Example:
        {0: {0: 125.5}, 1: {0: 250.0, 1: 50.0}, 2: {0: 375.0, 1: 150.0}}

        This shows:
        - Layer 0: filament 0 used 125.5mm cumulative
        - Layer 1: filament 0 used 250mm cumulative, filament 1 used 50mm
        - Layer 2: filament 0 used 375mm cumulative, filament 1 used 150mm

    G-code commands parsed:
        - M73 L<layer>: Layer change marker
        - M620 S<filament>: Filament/tool change (S255 = unload)
        - G0/G1/G2/G3 E<amount>: Extrusion moves
    """
    layer_filaments: dict[int, dict[int, float]] = {}
    current_layer = 0
    active_filament: int | None = None
    cumulative_extrusion: dict[int, float] = {}  # filament_id -> total mm

    for line in gcode_content.splitlines():
        line = line.strip()
        if not line:
            continue

        # Handle comments - skip but check for layer markers
        if line.startswith(";"):
            # Some slicers use comment-based layer markers
            # e.g., "; CHANGE_LAYER" or ";LAYER_CHANGE"
            continue

        # Split line into command and inline comment
        if ";" in line:
            line = line.split(";")[0].strip()

        # Extract command and parameters
        parts = line.split()
        if not parts:
            continue
        cmd = parts[0].upper()

        # Layer change: M73 L<layer>
        # Bambu printers use M73 with L parameter for layer indication
        if cmd == "M73":
            for part in parts[1:]:
                part_upper = part.upper()
                if part_upper.startswith("L"):
                    try:
                        new_layer = int(part[1:])
                        # Save current state before layer change
                        if cumulative_extrusion:
                            layer_filaments[current_layer] = cumulative_extrusion.copy()
                        current_layer = new_layer
                    except ValueError:
                        pass  # Skip G-code lines with unparseable layer numbers

        # Filament change: M620 S<filament>
        # Bambu uses M620 for AMS filament switching
        # S255 means full unload (no active filament)
        elif cmd == "M620":
            for part in parts[1:]:
                part_upper = part.upper()
                if part_upper.startswith("S"):
                    filament_str = part[1:]
                    if filament_str == "255":
                        # Full unload - no active filament
                        active_filament = None
                    else:
                        try:
                            # Extract digits (e.g., "0A" -> 0, "1" -> 1)
                            match = re.match(r"(\d+)", filament_str)
                            if match:
                                active_filament = int(match.group(1))
                        except (ValueError, AttributeError):
                            pass  # Skip unparseable filament switch commands

        # Extrusion moves: G0/G1/G2/G3 with E parameter
        # Only G1 typically has extrusion, but check all for safety
        elif cmd in ("G0", "G1", "G2", "G3"):
            if active_filament is None:
                continue
            for part in parts[1:]:
                part_upper = part.upper()
                if part_upper.startswith("E"):
                    try:
                        extrusion = float(part[1:])
                        # Only count positive extrusion (not retractions)
                        if extrusion > 0:
                            current = cumulative_extrusion.get(active_filament, 0)
                            cumulative_extrusion[active_filament] = current + extrusion
                    except ValueError:
                        pass  # Skip G-code lines with unparseable extrusion values

    # Save final layer state
    if cumulative_extrusion:
        layer_filaments[current_layer] = cumulative_extrusion.copy()

    return layer_filaments


def mm_to_grams(
    length_mm: float,
    diameter_mm: float = DEFAULT_FILAMENT_DIAMETER,
    density_g_cm3: float = DEFAULT_FILAMENT_DENSITY,
) -> float:
    """Convert filament length in mm to weight in grams.

    Uses the formula: mass = volume × density
    where volume = π × r² × length

    Args:
        length_mm: Length of filament in millimeters
        diameter_mm: Filament diameter in millimeters (default: 1.75)
        density_g_cm3: Material density in g/cm³ (default: 1.24 for PLA)

    Returns:
        Weight in grams
    """
    radius_cm = (diameter_mm / 2) / 10  # Convert mm to cm
    length_cm = length_mm / 10  # Convert mm to cm
    volume_cm3 = math.pi * radius_cm * radius_cm * length_cm
    return volume_cm3 * density_g_cm3


def extract_layer_filament_usage_from_3mf(file_path: Path) -> dict[int, dict[int, float]] | None:
    """Extract per-layer filament usage from a 3MF file's embedded G-code.

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the 3MF file

    Returns:
        Dictionary mapping layers to filament usage, or None if parsing fails.
        Format: {layer: {filament_id: cumulative_mm}, ...}
    """
    try:
        with zipfile.ZipFile(file_path, "r") as zf:
            # Find G-code file(s) - usually plate_1.gcode or Metadata/plate_1.gcode
            gcode_files = [f for f in zf.namelist() if f.endswith(".gcode")]
            if not gcode_files:
                return None

            # Use the first G-code file (typically only one per 3MF export)
            gcode_path = gcode_files[0]
            gcode_content = zf.read(gcode_path).decode("utf-8", errors="ignore")

            return parse_gcode_layer_filament_usage(gcode_content)
    except Exception:
        return None


def get_cumulative_usage_at_layer(
    layer_usage: dict[int, dict[int, float]],
    target_layer: int,
) -> dict[int, float]:
    """Get cumulative filament usage (in mm) up to and including target_layer.

    Args:
        layer_usage: The output from parse_gcode_layer_filament_usage()
        target_layer: The layer number to get usage for

    Returns:
        Dictionary of {filament_id: cumulative_mm} for each filament used
        up to target_layer. Returns empty dict if no data available.
    """
    if not layer_usage:
        return {}

    # Find the highest recorded layer <= target_layer
    # (we store snapshots at layer changes, so we need the closest one)
    relevant_layers = [layer for layer in layer_usage if layer <= target_layer]
    if not relevant_layers:
        return {}

    max_layer = max(relevant_layers)
    return layer_usage.get(max_layer, {})


def extract_filament_properties_from_3mf(file_path: Path) -> dict[int, dict]:
    """Extract filament properties (density, diameter, type) from 3MF metadata.

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the 3MF file

    Returns:
        Dictionary mapping filament IDs to their properties:
        {filament_id: {"diameter": 1.75, "density": 1.24, "type": "PLA"}, ...}

        Note: filament_id is 1-based (matches slot_id in slice_info.config)
    """
    properties: dict[int, dict] = {}
    try:
        with zipfile.ZipFile(file_path, "r") as zf:
            # Try slice_info.config first for filament types
            if "Metadata/slice_info.config" in zf.namelist():
                content = zf.read("Metadata/slice_info.config").decode()
                root = ET.fromstring(content)
                for f in root.findall(".//filament"):
                    try:
                        # id is 1-based in slice_info.config
                        fid = int(f.get("id", 0))
                        properties[fid] = {
                            "type": f.get("type", "PLA"),
                            "diameter": DEFAULT_FILAMENT_DIAMETER,
                            "density": DEFAULT_FILAMENT_DENSITY,
                        }
                    except ValueError:
                        pass  # Skip filament entries with unparseable IDs

            # Try project_settings.config for density values
            if "Metadata/project_settings.config" in zf.namelist():
                content = zf.read("Metadata/project_settings.config").decode()
                try:
                    data = json.loads(content)
                    densities = data.get("filament_density", [])
                    for i, density in enumerate(densities):
                        # project_settings uses 0-based indexing, convert to 1-based
                        fid = i + 1
                        if fid not in properties:
                            properties[fid] = {
                                "type": "",
                                "diameter": DEFAULT_FILAMENT_DIAMETER,
                            }
                        try:
                            properties[fid]["density"] = float(density)
                        except (ValueError, TypeError):
                            properties[fid]["density"] = DEFAULT_FILAMENT_DENSITY
                except json.JSONDecodeError:
                    pass  # Skip malformed project_settings.config JSON
    except Exception:
        pass  # Return whatever properties were collected before the error

    return properties


def extract_nozzle_mapping_from_3mf(zf: zipfile.ZipFile) -> dict[int, int] | None:
    """Extract per-slot nozzle/extruder mapping from a 3MF file.

    On dual-nozzle printers (H2D, H2D Pro), each filament slot is assigned to a
    specific nozzle. The slicer may override user preferences when using "Auto For
    Flush" mode, so the actual assignment comes from slice_info.config group_id
    attributes, not from the user's filament_nozzle_map preference.

    Priority:
        1. group_id on <filament> elements in slice_info.config (actual assignment)
        2. filament_nozzle_map in project_settings.config (user preference fallback)

    Both are mapped through physical_extruder_map to get MQTT extruder IDs (0=right, 1=left).

    Args:
        zf: An open ZipFile of the 3MF archive

    Returns:
        Dictionary mapping {slot_id: extruder_id} for dual-nozzle files,
        or None if single-nozzle, missing data, or parse error.
    """
    try:
        if "Metadata/project_settings.config" not in zf.namelist():
            return None

        content = zf.read("Metadata/project_settings.config").decode()
        data = json.loads(content)

        physical_extruder_map = data.get("physical_extruder_map")
        if not physical_extruder_map or len(physical_extruder_map) <= 1:
            return None  # Single-nozzle printer

        # Check if only one extruder is active.
        # If so, we can skip the mapping and just assign all slots to that extruder.
        # extruder_nozzle_stats format: ["Standard#0|High Flow#0", "Standard#1"]
        # Each entry = one extruder. Format: <NozzleVolumeType>#<count>[|...]
        # #N is the count of physical nozzles of that type (0 = none installed).
        # Types: Standard, High Flow, Hybrid, TPU High Flow

        active_extruders = []
        for stats_str in data.get("extruder_nozzle_stats") or []:
            nozzle_counts = [n.partition("#")[2] for n in stats_str.split("|")]
            active_extruders.append(1 if any(c not in ("0", "") for c in nozzle_counts) else 0)

        if sum(active_extruders) == 1:
            nozzle_mapping: dict[int, int] = {}
            active_idx = active_extruders.index(1)
            target_extruder = int(physical_extruder_map[active_idx])
            if "Metadata/slice_info.config" in zf.namelist():
                si_content = zf.read("Metadata/slice_info.config").decode()
                si_root = ET.fromstring(si_content)
                for filament_elem in si_root.findall(".//filament"):
                    try:
                        nozzle_mapping[int(filament_elem.get("id"))] = target_extruder
                    except (ValueError, TypeError):
                        pass
            return nozzle_mapping or None

        # Priority 1: Use group_id from slice_info filament elements.
        # This reflects the actual slicer assignment (respects "Auto For Flush").
        nozzle_mapping: dict[int, int] = {}
        if "Metadata/slice_info.config" in zf.namelist():
            si_content = zf.read("Metadata/slice_info.config").decode()
            si_root = ET.fromstring(si_content)
            for filament_elem in si_root.findall(".//filament"):
                group_id_str = filament_elem.get("group_id")
                filament_id_str = filament_elem.get("id")
                if group_id_str is not None and filament_id_str:
                    try:
                        group_id = int(group_id_str)
                        slot_id = int(filament_id_str)
                        if group_id < len(physical_extruder_map):
                            nozzle_mapping[slot_id] = int(physical_extruder_map[group_id])
                    except (ValueError, TypeError, IndexError):
                        pass

        if nozzle_mapping:
            return nozzle_mapping

        # Priority 2: Fall back to filament_nozzle_map (user preference).
        # This is correct when the user manually assigned nozzles, but may be
        # wrong when the slicer overrides via "Auto For Flush".
        filament_nozzle_map = data.get("filament_nozzle_map")
        if not filament_nozzle_map:
            return None

        for i, slicer_ext_str in enumerate(filament_nozzle_map):
            slot_id = i + 1
            try:
                slicer_ext = int(slicer_ext_str)
                if slicer_ext < len(physical_extruder_map):
                    nozzle_mapping[slot_id] = int(physical_extruder_map[slicer_ext])
            except (ValueError, TypeError, IndexError):
                pass

        return nozzle_mapping if nozzle_mapping else None
    except Exception:
        return None


def extract_filament_usage_from_3mf(file_path: Path, plate_id: int | None = None) -> list[dict]:
    """Extract per-filament total usage from 3MF slice_info.config.

    This extracts the slicer-estimated total usage per filament slot,
    not the per-layer breakdown.

    Args:
        file_path: Path to the 3MF file
        plate_id: Optional plate index to filter for (for multi-plate files)

    Returns:
        List of filament usage dictionaries:
        [{"slot_id": 1, "used_g": 50.5, "type": "PLA", "color": "#FF0000"}, ...]
    """
    filament_usage = []
    try:
        with zipfile.ZipFile(file_path, "r") as zf:
            if "Metadata/slice_info.config" not in zf.namelist():
                return []

            content = zf.read("Metadata/slice_info.config").decode()
            root = ET.fromstring(content)

            if plate_id is not None:
                # Find the plate element with matching index
                for plate_elem in root.findall(".//plate"):
                    plate_index = None
                    for meta in plate_elem.findall("metadata"):
                        if meta.get("key") == "index":
                            try:
                                plate_index = int(meta.get("value", "0"))
                            except ValueError:
                                pass
                            break

                    if plate_index == plate_id:
                        for f in plate_elem.findall("filament"):
                            filament_id = f.get("id")
                            used_g = f.get("used_g", "0")
                            try:
                                used_amount = float(used_g)
                                if filament_id:
                                    filament_usage.append(
                                        {
                                            "slot_id": int(filament_id),
                                            "used_g": used_amount,
                                            "type": f.get("type", ""),
                                            "color": f.get("color", ""),
                                        }
                                    )
                            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                                pass
                        break
            else:
                # No plate_id specified - extract all filaments
                for f in root.findall(".//filament"):
                    filament_id = f.get("id")
                    used_g = f.get("used_g", "0")
                    try:
                        used_amount = float(used_g)
                        if filament_id:
                            filament_usage.append(
                                {
                                    "slot_id": int(filament_id),
                                    "used_g": used_amount,
                                    "type": f.get("type", ""),
                                    "color": f.get("color", ""),
                                }
                            )
                    except (ValueError, TypeError):
                        pass  # Skip filament entries with unparseable usage values

    except Exception:
        pass  # Return whatever usage data was collected before the error

    return filament_usage


# Header values exposed as `{placeholder}` substitutions inside snippets.
# Aliases let users write Prusa-style names (`{max_layer_z}`) that map onto
# Bambu/Orca header keys (`max_z_height`).
_HEADER_PLACEHOLDER_ALIASES = {
    "max_layer_z": "max_z_height",
    "max_print_height": "max_z_height",
    "total_layers": "total_layer_number",
}

_HEADER_KEY_RE = re.compile(r"^;\s*([^:]+?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$")
_PLACEHOLDER_RE = re.compile(r"\{([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)\}")
_START_GCODE_END_MARKER = "; MACHINE_START_GCODE_END"


def _parse_3mf_gcode_header(content: str) -> dict[str, str]:
    """Parse the `; HEADER_BLOCK_START..END` block into a normalised dict.

    Keys are lowercased, ` [units]` suffixes stripped, and spaces converted
    to underscores so callers can look up `total_layer_number` regardless of
    whether the source line is `; total layer number: 80` or
    `; total filament length [mm] : 12155.34`.
    """
    header: dict[str, str] = {}
    in_header = False
    for raw_line in content.splitlines():
        line = raw_line.strip()
        if line == "; HEADER_BLOCK_START":
            in_header = True
            continue
        if line == "; HEADER_BLOCK_END":
            break
        if not in_header:
            continue
        m = _HEADER_KEY_RE.match(line)
        if not m:
            continue
        key, value = m.group(1), m.group(2)
        key = re.sub(r"\s*\[[^\]]*\]\s*$", "", key)
        key = key.strip().lower().replace(" ", "_")
        header[key] = value
    return header


def _substitute_placeholders(snippet: str, header: dict[str, str]) -> str:
    """Replace `{var}` placeholders with header values, leaving unknowns intact."""

    def repl(m: re.Match) -> str:
        name = m.group(1)
        value = header.get(name)
        if value is None:
            alias = _HEADER_PLACEHOLDER_ALIASES.get(name)
            if alias is not None:
                value = header.get(alias)
        if value is None:
            logger.warning(
                "G-code injection: placeholder {%s} not found in 3MF header; leaving as-is",
                name,
            )
            return m.group(0)
        return value

    return _PLACEHOLDER_RE.sub(repl, snippet)


def _inject_start_at_marker(content: str, snippet: str) -> str:
    """Insert snippet immediately before `; MACHINE_START_GCODE_END`.

    The marker sits at the bottom of the printer's startup block — bed heat,
    homing, and nozzle prime are already done, so injected snippets land in
    the same place a slicer-side custom-start-gcode would. Falls back to
    prepending if the marker isn't present (older files / non-Bambu slicers).
    """
    marker_idx = content.find(_START_GCODE_END_MARKER)
    if marker_idx == -1:
        logger.warning(
            "G-code injection: '%s' not found, prepending start snippet to whole file",
            _START_GCODE_END_MARKER,
        )
        return snippet.rstrip("\n") + "\n" + content
    line_start = content.rfind("\n", 0, marker_idx)
    line_start = 0 if line_start == -1 else line_start + 1
    return content[:line_start] + snippet.rstrip("\n") + "\n" + content[line_start:]


def inject_gcode_into_3mf(
    source_path: Path,
    plate_id: int,
    start_gcode: str | None,
    end_gcode: str | None,
):
    """Create a temp copy of a 3MF with G-code injected at start/end.

    Snippets support `{placeholder}` substitution against values parsed from
    the 3MF G-code header block (e.g. `{max_layer_z}` → `16.00`). Start
    snippets are anchored to the `; MACHINE_START_GCODE_END` marker so they
    run after the printer's own startup (#422). End snippets are appended
    after the last line of the print.

    Args:
        source_path: Path to the original 3MF file.
        plate_id: Plate number (1-indexed) to inject into.
        start_gcode: G-code to insert after printer startup, or None.
        end_gcode: G-code to append, or None.

    Returns:
        Path to temp file with injected G-code, or None if injection failed.
        Caller is responsible for cleaning up the temp file.
    """
    import tempfile

    if not start_gcode and not end_gcode:
        return None

    try:
        # Find the target gcode file inside the 3MF
        with zipfile.ZipFile(source_path, "r") as zf:
            all_gcode = [f for f in zf.namelist() if f.endswith(".gcode")]
            if not all_gcode:
                return None

            # Try plate-specific gcode file first
            target_gcode = None
            plate_pattern = f"plate_{plate_id}.gcode"
            for f in all_gcode:
                if f.endswith(plate_pattern):
                    target_gcode = f
                    break

            # Fall back to first gcode file
            if target_gcode is None:
                target_gcode = all_gcode[0]

            # Read and modify gcode content
            gcode_content = zf.read(target_gcode).decode("utf-8", errors="ignore")
            header = _parse_3mf_gcode_header(gcode_content)

            if start_gcode:
                resolved = _substitute_placeholders(start_gcode, header)
                gcode_content = _inject_start_at_marker(gcode_content, resolved)
            if end_gcode:
                resolved = _substitute_placeholders(end_gcode, header)
                gcode_content = gcode_content.rstrip("\n") + "\n" + resolved + "\n"

            # Write modified 3MF to temp file
            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix=".3mf") as tmp:
                tmp_path = Path(tmp.name)

            with zipfile.ZipFile(tmp_path, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf_write:
                for item in zf.namelist():
                    info = zf.getinfo(item)
                    if item == target_gcode:
                        zf_write.writestr(info, gcode_content.encode("utf-8"))
                    else:
                        zf_write.writestr(info, zf.read(item))

        return tmp_path

    except Exception:
        # Clean up temp file on error
        if "tmp_path" in locals() and tmp_path.exists():
            tmp_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
        return None


def extract_source_printer_model_from_3mf(zf: zipfile.ZipFile) -> str | None:
    """Source 3MF's bound printer model from ``Metadata/project_settings.config``.

    Returns e.g. ``"Bambu Lab A1"`` when the project was built for an A1, or
    ``None`` when the file lacks the metadata or the field is absent. The
    SliceModal uses this to warn the user before slicing if the chosen
    printer profile targets a different model — the slicer CLI rejects
    cross-printer slicing with rc=-16 and the result, when the strip + load
    fallback masks it, is a misleadingly-tagged archive.
    """
    if "Metadata/project_settings.config" not in zf.namelist():
        return None
    try:
        proj = json.loads(zf.read("Metadata/project_settings.config").decode())
    except (ValueError, OSError):
        return None
    if not isinstance(proj, dict):
        return None
    model = proj.get("printer_model")
    if isinstance(model, str) and model.strip():
        return model.strip()
    # Some older Bambu Studio exports stored the model under
    # ``printer_settings_id`` (e.g. "Bambu Lab A1 0.4 nozzle"); strip the
    # nozzle suffix to get the canonical model name. Best-effort — if the
    # field doesn't follow the convention we leave it as-is.
    settings_id = proj.get("printer_settings_id")
    if isinstance(settings_id, str) and settings_id.strip():
        # Drop trailing " 0.4 nozzle" / " 0.2 nozzle" / etc.
        return re.sub(r"\s+0\.\d+\s+nozzle$", "", settings_id.strip())
    return None


def extract_project_filaments_from_3mf(zf: zipfile.ZipFile) -> list[dict]:
    """Project-wide AMS slot config from ``Metadata/project_settings.config``.

    Returns one dict per configured AMS slot in slot order (1-indexed), with
    ``type`` and ``color`` populated from the project's ``filament_type`` and
    ``filament_colour`` arrays. ``used_grams`` / ``used_meters`` are 0 because
    project_settings carries the configuration, not per-print usage — the
    fields exist for shape compatibility with the slice_info-derived list.

    The SliceModal needs this on **unsliced** project files: slice_info.config
    is empty until Bambu Studio has actually sliced the project, but the user
    can still pick filament profiles for a slice we're about to perform.
    """
    if "Metadata/project_settings.config" not in zf.namelist():
        return []
    try:
        proj = json.loads(zf.read("Metadata/project_settings.config").decode())
    except (ValueError, OSError):
        return []
    if not isinstance(proj, dict):
        return []
    types_arr = proj.get("filament_type") or []
    colors_arr = proj.get("filament_colour") or []
    slot_count = max(
        len(types_arr) if isinstance(types_arr, list) else 0, len(colors_arr) if isinstance(colors_arr, list) else 0
    )
    out: list[dict] = []
    for i in range(slot_count):
        out.append(
            {
                "slot_id": i + 1,
                "type": types_arr[i] if i < len(types_arr) and isinstance(types_arr[i], str) else "",
                "color": colors_arr[i] if i < len(colors_arr) and isinstance(colors_arr[i], str) else "",
                "used_grams": 0,
                "used_meters": 0,
            }
        )
    return out


_PAINT_COLOR_ATTR_RE = re.compile(rb'paint_color="([0-9A-Fa-f]+)"')

# Painted-face quadtree leaves include both real filament assignments and
# tiny edit artifacts (single-leaf accidents from "tried a colour, undid,
# repainted with a different one"). The threshold's only job is dropping
# accidents — anything the user spent meaningful effort on must survive.
# 5% of an object's painted triangles is well below any 60/40 / 70/30 /
# 33/33/33 split a real two- or three-colour print would hit, so all
# intentional colours are kept; one-off single-leaf paints (typically
# 0.1-1.5% in observed projects) are filtered. Note that this fallback
# path runs ONLY when the preview-slice path can't reach the sidecar; in
# the normal flow the slicer's own pruning produces the canonical list and
# this threshold isn't reached.
_PAINT_NOISE_THRESHOLD = 0.05


def extract_plate_extruder_set_from_3mf(zf: zipfile.ZipFile, plate_id: int) -> set[int]:
    """Extruder/AMS slot indices (1-indexed) used by objects on ``plate_id``.

    Three sources are unioned because Bambu Studio splits per-object extruder
    info across THREE places depending on how the user assigned colours:

    1. ``model_settings.config`` — top-level ``<metadata key="extruder">``
       on each ``<object>`` (the "default extruder" for the whole object).
    2. ``model_settings.config`` — per-``<part>`` ``<metadata key="extruder">``
       overrides (used when the user split an object into multiple parts
       with distinct filaments).
    3. ``3D/Objects/object_*.model`` — ``paint_color`` attributes on
       individual ``<triangle>`` elements (used when the user "painted" a
       face with a different filament). The encoding is a hex string where
       each nibble is a TriangleSelector tree node: ``0`` = unpainted leaf,
       ``F`` = branch (4 children follow), ``1``..``E`` = leaf painted with
       extruder N. We don't decode the tree — every leaf-paint nibble in
       the string IS the extruder number, so a flat scan over hex chars
       yields the correct set without recursive parsing.

    Without (3) the painted-face data is invisible: model_settings says
    every object on a multi-color plate uses extruder 1 by default but the
    actual print uses 3, 4, 12 etc. via face paint, so the SliceModal would
    render only one filament dropdown for what's clearly a multi-colour
    print (#1150 follow-up).
    """
    if "Metadata/model_settings.config" not in zf.namelist():
        return set()
    try:
        root = ET.fromstring(zf.read("Metadata/model_settings.config").decode())
    except (ET.ParseError, OSError):
        return set()

    # Pass 1: object → set of extruders from XML metadata (sources 1 + 2)
    # plus the per-object .model file path so we can later scan source 3.
    object_extruders: dict[str, set[int]] = {}
    object_model_paths: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
    for obj_elem in root.findall(".//object"):
        obj_id = obj_elem.get("id")
        if not obj_id:
            continue
        extruders: set[int] = set()
        top = obj_elem.find("metadata[@key='extruder']")
        if top is not None:
            try:
                v = int(top.get("value", "0"))
                if v > 0:
                    extruders.add(v)
            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                pass
        for part_elem in obj_elem.findall(".//part"):
            part_ext = part_elem.find("metadata[@key='extruder']")
            if part_ext is None:
                continue
            try:
                v = int(part_ext.get("value", "0"))
                if v > 0:
                    extruders.add(v)
            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                pass
        object_extruders[obj_id] = extruders

    # Pass 2: 3dmodel.model maps each <object id="N"> to its component
    # .model file path(s). Bambu wraps object IDs that match
    # model_settings.config IDs around <components><component
    # path="/3D/Objects/object_K.model" objectid="..." /></components>.
    # Strip xmlns prefixes on attributes so ElementTree can find them
    # without namespace gymnastics — `p:path` becomes `path` etc.
    if "3D/3dmodel.model" in zf.namelist():
        try:
            raw = zf.read("3D/3dmodel.model").decode()
            stripped = re.sub(r'xmlns:?\w*="[^"]*"', "", raw)
            stripped = re.sub(r"<(/?)\w+:", r"<\1", stripped)
            stripped = re.sub(r" \w+:(\w+=)", r" \1", stripped)
            model_root = ET.fromstring(stripped)
            for obj_elem in model_root.findall(".//object"):
                oid = obj_elem.get("id")
                if not oid:
                    continue
                comps = obj_elem.find("components")
                if comps is None:
                    continue
                paths = []
                for c in comps.findall("component"):
                    p = c.get("path")
                    if p:
                        paths.append(p.lstrip("/"))
                if paths:
                    object_model_paths[oid] = paths
        except (ET.ParseError, OSError):
            pass  # No 3dmodel — paint scan just won't apply

    # Pass 3: scan paint_color attrs in each per-object .model file. Cache
    # by file path because two objects often share the same component tree.
    paint_cache: dict[str, set[int]] = {}

    def _scan_paint(path: str) -> set[int]:
        if path in paint_cache:
            return paint_cache[path]
        out: set[int] = set()
        if path not in zf.namelist():
            paint_cache[path] = out
            return out
        try:
            data = zf.read(path)
        except OSError:
            paint_cache[path] = out
            return out
        # Per-extruder triangle coverage. Each painted triangle may have
        # multiple leaf nibbles (the quadtree subdivides the face into
        # painted regions); we count one triangle per unique extruder per
        # match so the resulting fraction is "what share of painted
        # triangles include at least one leaf with extruder N". Noise from
        # one-off edit artifacts is filtered out at the threshold below.
        extruder_triangles: dict[int, int] = {}
        total_painted = 0
        for match in _PAINT_COLOR_ATTR_RE.finditer(data):
            total_painted += 1
            seen: set[int] = set()
            for ch in match.group(1):
                # Hex digit → 4-bit value. 0 = unpainted leaf, F = branch
                # (decoded recursively but children are encoded inline, so
                # we'll see them on later iterations). 1-E = leaf painted
                # with extruder N.
                if ch in b"123456789":
                    seen.add(ch - 0x30)
                elif ch in b"ABCDEabcde":
                    seen.add((ch & 0x4F) - 0x37)
            for e in seen:
                extruder_triangles[e] = extruder_triangles.get(e, 0) + 1
        if total_painted > 0:
            cutoff = max(1, int(total_painted * _PAINT_NOISE_THRESHOLD))
            for ext, count in extruder_triangles.items():
                if count >= cutoff:
                    out.add(ext)
        paint_cache[path] = out
        return out

    # Walk plates — collect extruders for objects on the requested plate.
    used: set[int] = set()
    for plate_elem in root.findall(".//plate"):
        plater_id = None
        for meta in plate_elem.findall("metadata"):
            if meta.get("key") == "plater_id":
                try:
                    plater_id = int(meta.get("value", ""))
                except (ValueError, TypeError):
                    pass
                break
        if plater_id != plate_id:
            continue
        for inst in plate_elem.findall("model_instance"):
            for inst_meta in inst.findall("metadata"):
                if inst_meta.get("key") != "object_id":
                    continue
                obj_id = inst_meta.get("value")
                if not obj_id:
                    continue
                used.update(object_extruders.get(obj_id, set()))
                for path in object_model_paths.get(obj_id, []):
                    used.update(_scan_paint(path))
        break
    return used