Momentum-Apps/metroflip/scenes/plugins/charliecard.c

/*
 * Parser for MBTA CharlieCard (Boston, MA, USA).
 *
 * Copyright 2024 Zachary Weiss <me@zachary.ws>
 * 
 * Public security research on the MBTA's fare system stretches back to 2008,
 * starting with Russel Ryan, Zack Anderson, and Alessandro Chiesa's 
 * "Anatomy of a Subway Hack", for which they were famously issued a gag order. 
 * A thorough history of research & researchers deserving of credit is 
 * detailed by @bobbyrsec in his 2022 blog post (& presentation):
 * "Operation Charlie: Hacking the MBTA CharlieCard from 2008 to Present" 
 * https://medium.com/@bobbyrsec/operation-charlie-hacking-the-mbta-charliecard-from-2008-to-present-24ea9f0aaa38
 * 
 * Fare gate IDs, card types, and general assistance courtesy of the
 * minds behind DEFCON 31's "Boston Infinite Money Glitch" presentation:
 * — Matthew Harris; mattyharris.net <matty@mattyharris.net>
 * — Zachary Bertocchi; zackbertocchi.com <zach@zachbertocci.com>
 * — Scott Campbell; josephscottcampbell.com <scott@josephscottcampbell.com>
 * — Noah Gibson; <noahgibson06@proton.me>
 * Talk available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JT_lTfK69Q
 * 
 * TODOs:
 * — Reverse engineer passes (sectors 4 & 5?), impl.
 * — Infer transaction flag meanings
 * — Infer remaining unknown bytes in the balance sectors (2 & 3)
 * — Improve string output formatting, esp. of transaction log
 * — Mapping of buses to garages, and subsequently, route subsets via 
 *   http://roster.transithistory.org/ data
 * — Mapping of stations to lines
 * — Add'l data fields for side of station fare gates are on? Some stations
 *   separate inbound & outbound sides, so direction could be inferred
 *   from gates used.
 * — Continually gather data on fare gate ID mappings, update as collected;
 *   check locations this might be scrapable / inferrable from:
 *   [X] MBTA GTFS spec (https://www.mbta.com/developers/gtfs) features & IDs 
 *       seem too-coarse-grained & uncorrelated
 *   [X] MBTA ArcGIS (https://mbta-massdot.opendata.arcgis.com/) & Tableau 
 *       (https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/mbta.office.of.performance.management.and.innovation/vizzes) 
 *       files don't seem to have anything of that resolution (only down to ridership by station)
 *   [X] (skim of) MBTA public GitHub (https://github.com/mbta) repos make no reference to fare-gate-level data
 *   [X] (skim of) MBTA public engineering docs (https://www.mbta.com/engineering) unfruitful;
 *       Closest mention spotted is 2014 "Ridership and Service Statistics" 
 *       (https://cdn.mbta.com/sites/default/files/fmcb-meeting-docs/reports-policies/2014-07-mbta-bluebook-ed14.pdf)
 *       where on pg.40, "Equipment at Stations" is enumerated, and fare gates counts are given,
 *       listed as "AFC Gates" (presumably standing for "Automated Fare Collection")
 *   [X] Josiah Zachery criminal trial public evidence — convicted partially on 
 *       data on his CharlieCard, appeals partially on basis of legality of this search.
 *       Prev. court case (gag order mentioned in preamble) leaked some data in the files
 *       entered into evidence. Seemingly did not happen here; fare gate IDs unmentioned,
 *       only ever the nature of stored/saved data and methods of retrieval.
 *       Appelate case dockets 2019-P-0401, SJC-12952, SJ-2017-0390 
 *       (https://www.ma-appellatecourts.org/party)
 *       Trial court indictment 04/02/2015, Case# 1584CR10265 @Suffolk County Criminal Superior Court 
 *       (https://www.masscourts.org/eservices/home.page.16)
 *   [ ] FOIA / public records request? 
 *       (https://massachusettsdot.mycusthelp.com/WEBAPP/_rs/(S(tbcygdlm0oojy35p1wv0y2y5))/supporthome.aspx)
 *   [X] MBTA data blog? (https://www.massdottracker.com/datablog/)
 *   [ ] MassDOT developers Google group? (https://groups.google.com/g/massdotdevelopers)
 *       [X] preexisting posts
 *       [ ] ask directly?
 *   [ ] Other?
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <flipper_application.h>
#include "../../metroflip_i.h"
#include "../../metroflip_plugins.h"
#include "../../api/metroflip/metroflip_api.h"
#include <nfc/protocols/mf_classic/mf_classic_poller_sync.h>
#include <nfc/protocols/mf_classic/mf_classic.h>
#include <nfc/protocols/mf_classic/mf_classic_poller.h>
#include <dolphin/dolphin.h>
#include <bit_lib.h>
#include <datetime.h>
#include <furi_hal.h>
#include <locale/locale.h>
#include <nfc/nfc.h>
#include <nfc/nfc_device.h>
#include <nfc/nfc_listener.h>
#include "../../api/metroflip/metroflip_api.h"

#define TAG "Metroflip:Scene:CharlieCard"

// starts Wednesday 2003/1/1 @ midnight
#define CHARLIE_EPOCH          \
    (DateTime) {               \
        0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2003, 4 \
    }
// timestep is one minute
#define CHARLIE_TIME_DELTA_SECS       60
#define CHARLIE_END_VALID_DELTA_SECS  60 * 8
#define CHARLIE_N_TRANSACTION_HISTORY 10
#define CHARLIE_N_PASSES              4

// always from the same set of keys (cf. default keys dict for list w/o multiplicity)
// we only care about the data in the first half of the sectors
// second half sectors keys seemingly change position sometimes across cards?
// no data stored there, but might want to impl some custom read function
// accounting for this such that reading is faster (else it seems to fall back on dict
// approach for remaining keys)...

typedef struct {
    uint16_t dollars;
    uint8_t cents;
} Money;

// always from the same set of keys (cf. default keys dict for list w/o multiplicity)
// we only care about the data in the first half of the sectors
// second half sectors keys seemingly change position sometimes across cards?
// no data stored there, but might want to impl some custom read function
// accounting for this such that reading is faster (else it seems to fall back on dict
// approach for remaining keys)...
const MfClassicKeyPair charliecard_1k_keys[] = {
    {.a = 0x3060206F5B0A, .b = 0xF1B9F5669CC8},
    {.a = 0x5EC39B022F2B, .b = 0xF662248E7E89},
    {.a = 0x5EC39B022F2B, .b = 0xF662248E7E89},
    {.a = 0x5EC39B022F2B, .b = 0xF662248E7E89},
    {.a = 0x5EC39B022F2B, .b = 0xF662248E7E89},
    {.a = 0x5EC39B022F2B, .b = 0xF662248E7E89},
    {.a = 0x5EC39B022F2B, .b = 0xF662248E7E89},
    {.a = 0x5EC39B022F2B, .b = 0xF662248E7E89},
    {.a = 0x3A09594C8587, .b = 0x62387B8D250D},
    {.a = 0xF238D78FF48F, .b = 0x9DC282D46217},
    {.a = 0xAFD0BA94D624, .b = 0x92EE4DC87191},
    {.a = 0xB35A0E4ACC09, .b = 0x756EF55E2507},
    {.a = 0x447AB7FD5A6B, .b = 0x932B9CB730EF},
    {.a = 0x1F1A0A111B5B, .b = 0xAD9E0A1CA2F7},
    {.a = 0xD58023BA2BDC, .b = 0x62CED42A6D87},
    {.a = 0x2548A443DF28, .b = 0x2ED3B15E7C0F},
};

#define FARE_BUS \
    (Money) {    \
        1, 70    \
    }
#define FARE_SUB \
    (Money) {    \
        2, 40    \
    }

typedef struct {
    DateTime date;
    uint16_t gate;
    uint8_t g_flag;
    Money fare;
    uint16_t f_flag;
} Transaction;

typedef struct {
    bool valid;
    uint16_t pre;
    uint16_t post;
    DateTime date;
} Pass;

typedef struct {
    uint16_t n_uses;
    uint8_t active_balance_sector;
} CounterSector;

typedef struct {
    Money balance;
    uint16_t type;
    DateTime issued;
    DateTime end_validity;
} BalanceSector;

// IdMapping approach borrowed from Jeremy Cooper's 'clipper.c'
typedef struct {
    uint16_t id;
    const char* name;
} IdMapping;

// this should be a complete accounting of types, (1 and 7 day pass types maybe missing?)
static const IdMapping charliecard_types[] = {
    // Regular card types
    {.id = 367, .name = "Adult"},
    {.id = 366, .name = "SV Adult"},
    {.id = 418, .name = "Student"},
    {.id = 419, .name = "Senior"},
    {.id = 420, .name = "TAP"},
    {.id = 417, .name = "Blind"},
    {.id = 426, .name = "Child"},
    {.id = 410, .name = "Employee ID Without Passback"},
    {.id = 414, .name = "Employee ID With Passback"},
    {.id = 415, .name = "Retiree"},
    {.id = 416, .name = "Police/Fire"},

    // Passes
    {.id = 135, .name = "30 Day Local Bus Pass"},
    {.id = 136, .name = "30 Day Inner Express Bus Pass"},
    {.id = 137, .name = "30 Day Outer Express Bus Pass"},
    {.id = 138, .name = "30 Day LinkPass"},
    {.id = 139, .name = "30 Day Senior LinkPass"},
    {.id = 148, .name = "30 Day TAP LinkPass"},
    {.id = 150, .name = "Monthly Student LinkPass"},
    {.id = 424, .name = "Monthly TAP LinkPass"},
    {.id = 425, .name = "Monthly Senior LinkPass"},
    {.id = 421, .name = "Senior TAP/Permit"},
    {.id = 422, .name = "Senior TAP/Permit 30 Days"},

    // Commuter rail passes
    {.id = 166, .name = "30 Day Commuter Rail Zone 1A Pass"},
    {.id = 167, .name = "30 Day Commuter Rail Zone 1 Pass"},
    {.id = 168, .name = "30 Day Commuter Rail Zone 2 Pass"},
    {.id = 169, .name = "30 Day Commuter Rail Zone 3 Pass"},
    {.id = 170, .name = "30 Day Commuter Rail Zone 4 Pass"},
    {.id = 171, .name = "30 Day Commuter Rail Zone 5 Pass"},
    {.id = 172, .name = "30 Day Commuter Rail Zone 6 Pass"},
    {.id = 173, .name = "30 Day Commuter Rail Zone 7 Pass"},
    {.id = 174, .name = "30 Day Commuter Rail Zone 8 Pass"},
    {.id = 175, .name = "30 Day Interzone 1 Pass"},
    {.id = 176, .name = "30 Day Interzone 2 Pass"},
    {.id = 177, .name = "30 Day Interzone 3 Pass"},
    {.id = 178, .name = "30 Day Interzone 4 Pass"},
    {.id = 179, .name = "30 Day Interzone 5 Pass"},
    {.id = 180, .name = "30 Day Interzone 6 Pass"},
    {.id = 181, .name = "30 Day Interzone 7 Pass"},
    {.id = 182, .name = "30 Day Interzone 8 Pass"},

    {.id = 140, .name = "One Way Interzone Adult 1 Zone"},
    {.id = 141, .name = "One Way Interzone Adult 2 Zones"},
    {.id = 142, .name = "One Way Interzone Adult 3 Zones"},
    {.id = 143, .name = "One Way Interzone Adult 4 Zones"},
    {.id = 144, .name = "One Way Interzone Adult 5 Zones"},
    {.id = 145, .name = "One Way Interzone Adult 6 Zones"},
    {.id = 146, .name = "One Way Interzone Adult 7 Zones"},
    {.id = 147, .name = "One Way Interzone Adult 8 Zones"},

    {.id = 428, .name = "One Way Half Fare Zone 1"},
    {.id = 429, .name = "One Way Half Fare Zone 2"},
    {.id = 430, .name = "One Way Half Fare Zone 3"},
    {.id = 431, .name = "One Way Half Fare Zone 4"},
    {.id = 432, .name = "One Way Half Fare Zone 5"},
    {.id = 433, .name = "One Way Half Fare Zone 6"},
    {.id = 434, .name = "One Way Half Fare Zone 7"},
    {.id = 435, .name = "One Way Half Fare Zone 8"},
    {.id = 436, .name = "One Way Interzone Half Fare 1 Zone"},
    {.id = 437, .name = "One Way Interzone Half Fare 2 Zones"},
    {.id = 438, .name = "One Way Interzone Half Fare 3 Zones"},
    {.id = 439, .name = "One Way Interzone Half Fare 4 Zones"},
    {.id = 440, .name = "One Way Interzone Half Fare 5 Zones"},
    {.id = 441, .name = "One Way Interzone Half Fare 6 Zones"},
    {.id = 442, .name = "One Way Interzone Half Fare 7 Zones"},
    {.id = 443, .name = "One Way Interzone Half Fare 8 Zones"},

    {.id = 509, .name = "Group Interzone 1 Zones"},
    {.id = 510, .name = "Group Interzone 2 Zones"},
    {.id = 511, .name = "Group Interzone 3 Zones"},
    {.id = 512, .name = "Group Interzone 4 Zones"},
    {.id = 513, .name = "Group Interzone 5 Zones"},
    {.id = 514, .name = "Group Interzone 6 Zones"},
    {.id = 515, .name = "Group Interzone 7 Zones"},
    {.id = 516, .name = "Group Interzone 8 Zones"},

    {.id = 952, .name = "Zone 1 Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 953, .name = "Zone 2 Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 954, .name = "Zone 3 Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 955, .name = "Zone 4 Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 956, .name = "Zone 5 Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 957, .name = "Zone 6 Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 958, .name = "Zone 7 Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 959, .name = "Zone 8 Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 960, .name = "Zone 9 Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 961, .name = "Zone 10 Student Monthly Pass"},

    {.id = 963, .name = "Interzone 1 Zone Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 964, .name = "Interzone 2 Zone Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 965, .name = "Interzone 3 Zone Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 966, .name = "Interzone 4 Zone Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 967, .name = "Interzone 5 Zone Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 968, .name = "Interzone 6 Zone Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 969, .name = "Interzone 7 Zone Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 970, .name = "Interzone 8 Zone Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 971, .name = "Interzone 9 Zone Student Monthly Pass"},
    {.id = 972, .name = "Interzone 10 Zone Student Monthly Pass"},
};
static const size_t kNumTypes = COUNT_OF(charliecard_types);

// Incomplete, and subject to change
// Only covers Orange & Blue line stations
// Gathered manually, and provided courtesy of, DEFCON31 researchers
// as cited above.
static const IdMapping charliecard_fare_gate_ids[] = {
    // Davis
    {.id = 6766, .name = "Davis"},
    {.id = 6767, .name = "Davis"},
    {.id = 6768, .name = "Davis"},
    {.id = 6769, .name = "Davis"},
    {.id = 6770, .name = "Davis"},
    {.id = 6771, .name = "Davis"},
    {.id = 6772, .name = "Davis"},
    {.id = 2167, .name = "Davis"},
    {.id = 7020, .name = "Davis"},
    // Porter
    {.id = 6781, .name = "Porter"},
    {.id = 6780, .name = "Porter"},
    {.id = 6779, .name = "Porter"},
    {.id = 6778, .name = "Porter"},
    {.id = 6777, .name = "Porter"},
    {.id = 6776, .name = "Porter"},
    {.id = 6775, .name = "Porter"},
    {.id = 2168, .name = "Porter"},
    {.id = 7021, .name = "Porter"},
    {.id = 6782, .name = "Porter"},
    // Oak Grove
    {.id = 6640, .name = "Oak Grove"},
    {.id = 6641, .name = "Oak Grove"},
    {.id = 6639, .name = "Oak Grove"},
    {.id = 2036, .name = "Oak Grove"},
    {.id = 6642, .name = "Oak Grove"},
    {.id = 6979, .name = "Oak Grove"},
    // Downtown Crossing
    {.id = 2091, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 6995, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 6699, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 6700, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 1926, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 2084, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 6994, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 6695, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 6694, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 6696, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 2336, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 1056, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 6814, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 6813, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 2212, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    {.id = 7038, .name = "Downtown Crossing"},
    // State
    {.id = 7092, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 1844, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 6689, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 6988, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 6991, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 2083, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 6688, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 6687, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 6686, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 2078, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 6987, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 7090, .name = "State"},
    {.id = 1842, .name = "State"},
    // Haymarket
    {.id = 6684, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 6683, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 6682, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 6681, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 2073, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 7074, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 6883, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 6884, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 6885, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 6886, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 2303, .name = "Haymarket"},
    {.id = 6986, .name = "Haymarket"},
    // North Station
    {.id = 6985, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 2063, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6671, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6672, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6673, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6674, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6675, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6676, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6677, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6678, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6984, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 2062, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6668, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6667, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6666, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6665, .name = "North Station"},
    {.id = 6664, .name = "North Station"},
    // Sullivan Square
    {.id = 6654, .name = "Sullivan Square"},
    {.id = 6655, .name = "Sullivan Square"},
    {.id = 6656, .name = "Sullivan Square"},
    {.id = 6657, .name = "Sullivan Square"},
    {.id = 6658, .name = "Sullivan Square"},
    {.id = 6659, .name = "Sullivan Square"},
    {.id = 2053, .name = "Sullivan Square"},
    {.id = 6982, .name = "Sullivan Square"},
    // Community College
    {.id = 6661, .name = "Community College"},
    {.id = 6662, .name = "Community College"},
    {.id = 2056, .name = "Community College"},
    {.id = 6983, .name = "Community College"},
    // Assembly
    {.id = 3876, .name = "Assembly"},
    {.id = 3875, .name = "Assembly"},
    {.id = 6957, .name = "Assembly"},
    {.id = 6956, .name = "Assembly"},
    {.id = 6955, .name = "Assembly"},
    {.id = 6954, .name = "Assembly"},
    {.id = 6953, .name = "Assembly"},
    {.id = 7101, .name = "Assembly"},
    {.id = 3873, .name = "Assembly"},
    {.id = 3872, .name = "Assembly"},
    // Wellington
    {.id = 6981, .name = "Wellington"},
    {.id = 2042, .name = "Wellington"},
    {.id = 6650, .name = "Wellington"},
    {.id = 6651, .name = "Wellington"},
    {.id = 6652, .name = "Wellington"},
    {.id = 6653, .name = "Wellington"},
    // Malden
    {.id = 6980, .name = "Malden Center"},
    {.id = 2037, .name = "Malden Center"},
    {.id = 6645, .name = "Malden Center"},
    {.id = 6646, .name = "Malden Center"},
    {.id = 6647, .name = "Malden Center"},
    {.id = 6648, .name = "Malden Center"},
    // Chinatown
    {.id = 6704, .name = "Chinatown"},
    {.id = 6705, .name = "Chinatown"},
    {.id = 2099, .name = "Chinatown"},
    {.id = 7003, .name = "Chinatown"},
    {.id = 7002, .name = "Chinatown"},
    {.id = 2096, .name = "Chinatown"},
    {.id = 6702, .name = "Chinatown"},
    {.id = 6701, .name = "Chinatown"},
    // Tufts Medical Center
    {.id = 6707, .name = "Tufts Medical Center"},
    {.id = 6708, .name = "Tufts Medical Center"},
    {.id = 6709, .name = "Tufts Medical Center"},
    {.id = 6710, .name = "Tufts Medical Center"},
    {.id = 6711, .name = "Tufts Medical Center"},
    {.id = 2105, .name = "Tufts Medical Center"},
    {.id = 7004, .name = "Tufts Medical Center"},
    {.id = 1941, .name = "Tufts Medical Center"},
    {.id = 7006, .name = "Tufts Medical Center"},
    // Back Bay
    {.id = 7007, .name = "Back Bay"},
    {.id = 1480, .name = "Back Bay"},
    {.id = 6714, .name = "Back Bay"},
    {.id = 6715, .name = "Back Bay"},
    {.id = 6716, .name = "Back Bay"},
    {.id = 6717, .name = "Back Bay"},
    {.id = 6718, .name = "Back Bay"},
    {.id = 6719, .name = "Back Bay"},
    {.id = 6720, .name = "Back Bay"},
    {.id = 1801, .name = "Back Bay"},
    {.id = 7009, .name = "Back Bay"},
    // Massachusetts Avenue
    {.id = 7010, .name = "Massachusetts Avenue"},
    {.id = 2118, .name = "Massachusetts Avenue"},
    {.id = 6724, .name = "Massachusetts Avenue"},
    {.id = 6723, .name = "Massachusetts Avenue"},
    {.id = 6722, .name = "Massachusetts Avenue"},
    {.id = 6721, .name = "Massachusetts Avenue"},
    // Ruggles
    {.id = 6726, .name = "Ruggles"},
    {.id = 6727, .name = "Ruggles"},
    {.id = 6728, .name = "Ruggles"},
    {.id = 2122, .name = "Ruggles"},
    {.id = 2123, .name = "Ruggles"},
    {.id = 2124, .name = "Ruggles"},
    {.id = 1804, .name = "Ruggles"},
    // Roxbury Crossing
    {.id = 6737, .name = "Roxbury Crossing"},
    {.id = 6736, .name = "Roxbury Crossing"},
    {.id = 6735, .name = "Roxbury Crossing"},
    {.id = 6734, .name = "Roxbury Crossing"},
    {.id = 6733, .name = "Roxbury Crossing"},
    {.id = 2125, .name = "Roxbury Crossing"},
    {.id = 7012, .name = "Roxbury Crossing"},
    // Jackson Square
    {.id = 6741, .name = "Jackson Square"},
    {.id = 6740, .name = "Jackson Square"},
    {.id = 6739, .name = "Jackson Square"},
    {.id = 2131, .name = "Jackson Square"},
    {.id = 7013, .name = "Jackson Square"},
    {.id = 7014, .name = "Jackson Square"},
    {.id = 2135, .name = "Jackson Square"},
    {.id = 6743, .name = "Jackson Square"},
    {.id = 6744, .name = "Jackson Square"},
    {.id = 6745, .name = "Jackson Square"},
    // Green Street
    {.id = 6746, .name = "Green Street"},
    {.id = 6747, .name = "Green Street"},
    {.id = 6748, .name = "Green Street"},
    {.id = 2142, .name = "Green Street"},
    {.id = 7015, .name = "Green Street"},
    // Forest Hills
    {.id = 6750, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 6751, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 6752, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 6753, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 6754, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 6755, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 2150, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 7016, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 6950, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 6951, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 604, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    {.id = 7096, .name = "Forest Hills"},
    // South Station
    {.id = 7039, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 2215, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6816, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6817, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6818, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6819, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6820, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6821, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6822, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6823, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 7040, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 2228, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6827, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6826, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6825, .name = "South Station"},
    {.id = 6824, .name = "South Station"},
    // Courthouse
    {.id = 6929, .name = "Courthouse"},
    {.id = 2357, .name = "Courthouse"},
    {.id = 7079, .name = "Courthouse"},
    {.id = 6933, .name = "Courthouse"},
    {.id = 6932, .name = "Courthouse"},
    {.id = 2358, .name = "Courthouse"},
    {.id = 6792, .name = "Courthouse"},
    // Bowdoin
    {.id = 6937, .name = "Bowdoin"},
    {.id = 2367, .name = "Bowdoin"},
    {.id = 7085, .name = "Bowdoin"},
    // Government Center
    {.id = 6963, .name = "Government Center"},
    {.id = 6962, .name = "Government Center"},
    {.id = 6961, .name = "Government Center"},
    {.id = 6960, .name = "Government Center"},
    {.id = 6959, .name = "Government Center"},
    {.id = 6958, .name = "Government Center"},
    {.id = 5298, .name = "Government Center"},
    // Aquarium
    {.id = 6609, .name = "Aquarium"},
    {.id = 6608, .name = "Aquarium"},
    {.id = 1877, .name = "Aquarium"},
    {.id = 6965, .name = "Aquarium"},
    {.id = 6610, .name = "Aquarium"},
    {.id = 1880, .name = "Aquarium"},
    {.id = 1871, .name = "Aquarium"},
    {.id = 6966, .name = "Aquarium"},
    // Maverick
    {.id = 7088, .name = "Maverick"},
    {.id = 6944, .name = "Maverick"},
    {.id = 4384, .name = "Maverick"},
    {.id = 6946, .name = "Maverick"},
    {.id = 6947, .name = "Maverick"},
    {.id = 6948, .name = "Maverick"},
    {.id = 6949, .name = "Maverick"},
    {.id = 1840, .name = "Maverick"},
    {.id = 7083, .name = "Maverick"},
    // Airport
    {.id = 6613, .name = "Airport"},
    {.id = 6612, .name = "Airport"},
    {.id = 6611, .name = "Airport"},
    {.id = 6968, .name = "Airport"},
    {.id = 2009, .name = "Airport"},
    {.id = 6616, .name = "Airport"},
    {.id = 6615, .name = "Airport"},
    {.id = 6614, .name = "Airport"},
    {.id = 6970, .name = "Airport"},
    {.id = 1847, .name = "Airport"},
    // Wood Island
    {.id = 6618, .name = "Wood Island"},
    {.id = 6619, .name = "Wood Island"},
    {.id = 2010, .name = "Wood Island"},
    {.id = 6971, .name = "Wood Island"},
    // Orient Heights
    {.id = 6621, .name = "Orient Heights"},
    {.id = 6622, .name = "Orient Heights"},
    {.id = 6623, .name = "Orient Heights"},
    {.id = 2014, .name = "Orient Heights"},
    {.id = 6972, .name = "Orient Heights"},
    {.id = 6974, .name = "Orient Heights"},
    {.id = 1868, .name = "Orient Heights"},
    // Suffolk Downs
    {.id = 6625, .name = "Suffolk Downs"},
    {.id = 6626, .name = "Suffolk Downs"},
    {.id = 2017, .name = "Suffolk Downs"},
    {.id = 6975, .name = "Suffolk Downs"},
    // Beachmont
    {.id = 6628, .name = "Beachmont"},
    {.id = 6629, .name = "Beachmont"},
    {.id = 6630, .name = "Beachmont"},
    {.id = 2021, .name = "Beachmont"},
    {.id = 6976, .name = "Beachmont"},
    // Revere Beach
    {.id = 6632, .name = "Revere Beach"},
    {.id = 6633, .name = "Revere Beach"},
    {.id = 2024, .name = "Revere Beach"},
    {.id = 6977, .name = "Revere Beach"},
    // Wonderland
    {.id = 6638, .name = "Wonderland"},
    {.id = 6637, .name = "Wonderland"},
    {.id = 6636, .name = "Wonderland"},
    {.id = 2025, .name = "Wonderland"},
    {.id = 6978, .name = "Wonderland"},
};
static const size_t kNumFareGateIds = COUNT_OF(charliecard_fare_gate_ids);

// **********************************************************
// ********************* MISC HELPERS ***********************
// **********************************************************

static const uint8_t*
    pos_to_ptr(const MfClassicData* data, uint8_t sector_num, uint8_t block_num, uint8_t byte_num) {
    // returns pointer to specified sector/block/byte of MFClassic card data
    uint8_t block_offset = mf_classic_get_first_block_num_of_sector(sector_num);
    return &data->block[block_offset + block_num].data[byte_num];
}

static uint64_t pos_to_num(
    const MfClassicData* data,
    uint8_t sector_num,
    uint8_t block_num,
    uint8_t byte_num,
    uint8_t byte_len) {
    // returns numeric values at specified card location, for given byte length.
    // assumes big endian.
    return bit_lib_bytes_to_num_be(pos_to_ptr(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num), byte_len);
}

static DateTime dt_delta(DateTime dt, uint64_t delta_secs) {
    // returns shifted DateTime, from initial DateTime and time offset in seconds
    DateTime dt_shifted = {0};
    datetime_timestamp_to_datetime(datetime_datetime_to_timestamp(&dt) + delta_secs, &dt_shifted);

    return dt_shifted;
}

static bool dt_ge(DateTime dt1, DateTime dt2) {
    // compares two DateTimes
    return datetime_datetime_to_timestamp(&dt1) >= datetime_datetime_to_timestamp(&dt2);
}

static bool dt_eq(DateTime dt1, DateTime dt2) {
    // compares two DateTimes
    return datetime_datetime_to_timestamp(&dt1) == datetime_datetime_to_timestamp(&dt2);
}

static bool get_map_item(uint16_t id, const IdMapping* map, size_t sz, const char** out) {
    // code borrowed from Jeremy Cooper's 'clipper.c'. Used as follows:
    // const char* s; if(!get_map_item(_,_,_,&s)) {s="Default str";}
    // TODO: change to furistring out?
    for(size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
        if(map[i].id == id) {
            *out = map[i].name;
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

uint32_t time_now() {
    return furi_hal_rtc_get_timestamp();
}

static bool is_debug() {
    return furi_hal_rtc_is_flag_set(FuriHalRtcFlagDebug);
}

// **********************************************************
// ******************** FIELD PARSING ***********************
// **********************************************************

static Money money_parse(
    const MfClassicData* data,
    uint8_t sector_num,
    uint8_t block_num,
    uint8_t byte_num) {
    // CharlieCards store all money values in two bytes as half-cents
    // bitmask removes sign/flag, bitshift converts half-cents to cents, div & mod yield dollars & cents
    uint16_t amt = (pos_to_num(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num, 2) & 0x7FFF) >> 1;
    return (Money){amt / 100, amt % 100};
}

static DateTime
    date_parse(const MfClassicData* data, uint8_t sector_num, uint8_t block_num, uint8_t byte_num) {
    // Dates are 3 bytes, in minutes since 2003/1/1 ("CHARLIE_EPOCH")
    uint32_t ts_charlie = pos_to_num(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num, 3);
    return dt_delta(CHARLIE_EPOCH, ts_charlie * CHARLIE_TIME_DELTA_SECS);
}

static DateTime end_validity_parse(
    const MfClassicData* data,
    uint8_t sector_num,
    uint8_t block_num,
    uint8_t byte_num) {
    // End validity field is weird; shares first byte with another variable (the card type field),
    // occupying the last 5 bits (and subsequent two bytes), hence bitmask
    uint32_t ts_charlie_ev = pos_to_num(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num, 3) & 0x1FFFFF;

    // additionally, instead of minute deltas, is in 8 minute increments
    // relative to CHARLIE_EPOCH (2003/1/1), per DEFCON31 researcher's work
    return dt_delta(CHARLIE_EPOCH, ts_charlie_ev * CHARLIE_END_VALID_DELTA_SECS);
}

static Pass
    pass_parse(const MfClassicData* data, uint8_t sector_num, uint8_t block_num, uint8_t byte_num) {
    // WIP; testing only. Speculating it may be structured as follows
    // Sub-byte field divisions not drawn to scale, see code for exact bit offsets
    //
    //       0    1    2    3    4    5
    //       +----.----.----.----+----.----+
    //       |  uk1  |   date    |   uk2   |
    //       +----.----.----.----+----.----+
    //
    // "Blank" entries are as follows:
    //       0    1    2    3    4    5
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----+
    //       | 00   20   00   00   00   00 |
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----+
    //
    // even when not blank, uk1 LSB seems to always be set to 1...
    // the sole bit set to 1 on the blank entry seems to divide
    // the uk1 and date fields, and is always set to 1 regardless
    // same is true of type & end-validity split found in balance sector
    //
    // likely fields incl
    // — type #,
    // — a secondary date field (eg start/end, end validity or normal format)
    // — ID of FVM from which the pass was loaded

    // check for empty, if so, return struct filled w/ 0s
    // (incl "valid" field: hence, "valid" is false-y)
    if(pos_to_num(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num, 6) == 0x002000000000) {
        return (Pass){0};
    }

    // const DateTime start = date_parse(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num + 1);

    const uint16_t pre = pos_to_num(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num, 2) >> 6;
    const uint16_t post = (pos_to_num(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num + 4, 2) >> 2) & 0x3ff;

    // these values make sense for a date, but implied position of type
    // before end validity, as seen in balance sector, doesn't seem
    // to produce sensible values
    const DateTime date = end_validity_parse(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num + 1);

    // DateTime start = date_parse(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num);
    // uint16_t type = 0; // pos_to_num(data, sector_num, block_num, byte_num + 3, 2) >> 6;

    return (Pass){true, pre, post, date};
}

static Transaction
    transaction_parse(const MfClassicData* data, uint8_t sector, uint8_t block, uint8_t byte) {
    // This function parses individual transactions. Each transaction packs 7 bytes, stored as follows:
    //
    //       0    1    2    3    4    5    6
    //       +----.----.----+----.--+-+----.----+
    //       |     date     |   loc |f|   amt   |
    //       +----.----.----+----.--+-+----.----+
    //
    // Where date is in the typical format, loc represents the fare gate tapped, and amt is the fare amount.
    // Amount appears to contain some flag bits, however, it is unclear what precisely their function is.
    //
    // Gate ID ("loc") is only the first 13 bits of 0x3:0x5, the final three bits appear to be flags ("f").
    // Least significant flag bit seems to indicate:
    // — When f & 1 == 1, fare (the amount by which balance is decremented)
    // — When f & 1 == 0, refill (the amount by which balance is incremented)
    // MSB (sign bit) of amt seems to serve the same role, just inverted, ie
    // — When amt & 0x8000 == 0, fare
    // — When amt & 0x8000 == 0x8000, refill
    // Only contradiction between the two observed is on cards w/ passes;
    // MSB of amt seems to be set for every transaction when (remaining bits of) amt is 0 on a card w/ a pass
    // Hence, using f's LSB as method for inferring fare v. refill
    //
    // Remaining unknown bits:
    // — f & 0b100; seems to be set on fares where the card has a pass, and amt is 0
    // — f & 0b010
    // — amt & 1; does not seem to correspond with card type, last transaction, first transaction, refill v. fare, etc

    const DateTime date = date_parse(data, sector, block, byte);
    const uint16_t gate = pos_to_num(data, sector, block, byte + 3, 2) >> 3;
    const uint8_t g_flag = pos_to_num(data, sector, block, byte + 3, 2) & 0b111;
    const Money fare = money_parse(data, sector, block, byte + 5);
    const uint16_t f_flag = pos_to_num(data, sector, block, byte + 5, 2) & 0x8001;
    return (Transaction){date, gate, g_flag, fare, f_flag};
}

// **********************************************************
// ******************* SECTOR PARSING ***********************
// **********************************************************

static uint32_t mfg_sector_parse(const MfClassicData* data) {
    // Manufacturer data (Sector 0)
    //
    //       0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    A    B    C    D    E    F
    //       +----.----.----.----+----+----.----.----.----+----+----.----.----.----.----+----+
    // 0x000 |        UID        | rc | 88   04   00   C8 | uk | 00   20   00   00   00 | uk |
    //       +----.----.----.----+----+----.----.----.----+----+----.----.----.----.----+----+
    // 0x010 | 4E   0F   04   10   04   10   04   10   04   10   04   10   04   10   04   10 |
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----+
    // 0x020 |                               ...  00   00  ...                               |
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----+
    //
    // rc := "redundancy check" (lrc / bcc)
    // uk := "unknown"

    size_t uid_len = 0;
    const uint8_t* uid = mf_classic_get_uid(data, &uid_len);
    const uint32_t card_number = bit_lib_bytes_to_num_be(uid, 4);

    return card_number;
}

static CounterSector counter_sector_parse(const MfClassicData* data) {
    // Trip/transaction counters (Sector 1)
    //
    //       0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    A    B    C    D    E    F
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----+
    // 0x040 | 04   10   23   45   66   77                  ...  00   00  ...                |
    //       +----.----+----+----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----+
    // 0x050 |  uses1  | uk |                     ...  00   00  ...                          |
    //       +----.----+----+----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----+
    // 0x060 |  uses2  | uk |                     ...  00   00  ...                          |
    //       +----.----+----+----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----+
    //
    // uk := "unknown"; if nonzero, seems to only occupy the first 4 bits (ie, uk & 0xF0 == uk),
    //        with the remaining 4 zero

    // Card has two sectors (2 & 3) containing balance data, with two
    // corresponding trip counters in 0x50:0x51 & 0x60:0x61 (sector 1, byte 0:1 of blocks 1 & 2).

    // The *lower* of the two values *minus one* is the true use count,
    // and corresponds to the active balance sector,
    // (0x50 counter lower -> sector 2 active, 0x60 counter lower -> 3 active)
    // per DEFCON31 researcher's findings

    const uint16_t n_uses1 = pos_to_num(data, 1, 1, 0, 2);
    const uint16_t n_uses2 = pos_to_num(data, 1, 2, 0, 2);

    const bool is_sec2_active = n_uses1 <= n_uses2;
    const uint8_t active_sector = is_sec2_active ? 2 : 3;
    const uint16_t n_uses = (is_sec2_active ? n_uses1 : n_uses2) - 1;

    return (CounterSector){n_uses, active_sector};
}

static BalanceSector balance_sector_parse(const MfClassicData* data, uint8_t active_sector) {
    // Balance & misc card info (Sector 2 or 3)
    //
    //       0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    A    B    C    D    E    F
    //       +----+----.----.----+----.----+----.----.----+----.----+----.----+----+----.----+
    // 0x080 | 11 |   date last  | loc last| date issued  | 65   00 | unknown | 00 |   crc   | 0x0C0
    //       +----+----.----.----+----+----+----+----+----+----.----+----.----+----+----.----+
    // 0x090 | type |end validity| uk | balance | 00 |           unknown           |   crc   | 0x0D0
    //       +----.----.----.----+----+----.----+----+----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----+
    // 0x0A0 |      20             ...  00   00  ...             04                |   crc   | 0x0E0
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----+
    //
    // "Active" balance sector alternates between 2 and 3
    // Last trip/transaction info in balance sector ("date last" & "loc last")
    // is also included in transaction log, hence don't bother to read here
    //
    // Inactive balance sector represent the transaction N-1 version
    // (where active sector represents data from transaction N).

    const DateTime issued = date_parse(data, active_sector, 0, 6);
    const DateTime end_validity = end_validity_parse(data, active_sector, 1, 1);
    // Card type data stored in the first 10bits of block 1
    // (0x90 or 0xD0 depending on active sector)
    // bitshift (2bytes = 16 bits) by 6bits for just first 10bits
    const uint16_t type = pos_to_num(data, active_sector, 1, 0, 2) >> 6;
    const Money bal = money_parse(data, active_sector, 1, 5);

    return (BalanceSector){bal, type, issued, end_validity};
}

static Pass* passes_parse(const MfClassicData* data) {
    // Passes, speculative (Sectors 4 &/or 5)
    //
    //       0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    A    B    C    D    E    F
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----+----+----.----.----.----.----.----+----+----.----+
    // 0x100 |           pass0/2?          | 00 |           pass1/3?          | 00 |   crc   | 0x140
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----+----+----.----.----.----.----.----+----+----.----+
    // 0x110 |                          ...  00   00  ...                          |   crc   | 0x150
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----+
    // 0x120 |                ...  00  ...                  05                     |   crc   | 0x160
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----+
    //
    // WIP. Read in all speculative passes into array
    // 4 separate fields? active vs inactive sector for 2 passes?
    // something else entirely?

    Pass* passes = malloc(sizeof(Pass) * CHARLIE_N_PASSES);

    for(size_t i = 0; i < CHARLIE_N_PASSES; i++) {
        passes[i] = pass_parse(data, 4 + (i / 2), 0, (i % 2) * 7);
    }

    return passes;
}

static Transaction* transactions_parse(const MfClassicData* data) {
    // Transaction history (Sectors 6–7)
    //
    //       0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    A    B    C    D    E    F
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----+
    // 0x180 |           transaction0           |           transaction1           |   crc   |
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----+
    //  ...                   ...                                ...                   ...
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----+
    // 0x1D0 |           transaction8           |           transaction9           |   crc   |
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----+
    // 0x1E0 |                          ...  00   00  ...                          |   crc   |
    //       +----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----+----.----+
    //
    // Transactions are not sorted, rather, appear to get overwritten
    // sequentially. (eg, sorted modulo array rotation)

    Transaction* transactions = malloc(sizeof(Transaction) * CHARLIE_N_TRANSACTION_HISTORY);

    // Parse each transaction field using some modular math magic to get the offsets:
    // move from sector 6 -> 7 after the first 6 transactions
    // move a block within a given sector every 2 transactions, reset every 3 blocks (as sector has changed)
    // alternate between a start byte of 0 and 7 with every iteration
    for(size_t i = 0; i < CHARLIE_N_TRANSACTION_HISTORY; i++) {
        transactions[i] = transaction_parse(data, 6 + (i / 6), (i / 2) % 3, (i % 2) * 7);
    }

    // Iterate through the array to find the maximum (newest) date value
    int max_idx = 0;
    for(int i = 1; i < CHARLIE_N_TRANSACTION_HISTORY; i++) {
        if(dt_ge(transactions[i].date, transactions[max_idx].date)) {
            max_idx = i;
        }
    }

    // Sort by rotating
    for(int r = 0; r < (max_idx + 1); r++) {
        // Store the first element
        Transaction temp = transactions[0];
        // Shift elements to the left
        for(int i = 0; i < CHARLIE_N_TRANSACTION_HISTORY - 1; i++) {
            transactions[i] = transactions[i + 1];
        }
        // Move the first element to the last
        transactions[CHARLIE_N_TRANSACTION_HISTORY - 1] = temp;
    }

    // Reverse order, such that newest is first, oldest last
    for(int i = 0; i < CHARLIE_N_TRANSACTION_HISTORY / 2; i++) {
        // Swap elements at index i and size - i - 1
        Transaction temp = transactions[i];
        transactions[i] = transactions[CHARLIE_N_TRANSACTION_HISTORY - i - 1];
        transactions[CHARLIE_N_TRANSACTION_HISTORY - i - 1] = temp;
    }

    return transactions;
}

/*
static DateTime expiry(DateTime iss) {
    // Per Metrodroid CharlieCard parser (https://github.com/metrodroid/metrodroid/blob/master/src/commonMain/kotlin/au/id/micolous/metrodroid/transit/charlie/CharlieCardTransitData.kt)
    // Expiry not explicitly stored in card data; rather, calculated from date of issue
    // Cards were first issued in 2006, expired in 5 years, w/ no printed expiry date
    // Cards issued after 2011 expire in 10 years
    //
    // Per DEFCON31 researcher's work (cited above):
    // Student cards last one school year and expire at the end of August the following year
    // Pre-2011 issued cards expire in 7 years, not 5 as claimed by Metrodroid
    // Post-2011 expire in 10 years, less one day
    // Redundant function given the existance of the end validity field?
    // Any important distinctions between the two?
    

    // perhaps additionally clipping to 2030-12-__ in anticipation of upcoming system migration?
    // need to get a new card to confirm.

    // TODO add card type logic for student card expiry
    DateTime exp;
    if(iss.year < 2011) {
        // add 7 years; assumes average year of 8766 hrs (to account for leap years)
        // may be off by a few hours as a result
        exp = dt_delta(iss, 7 * 8766 * 60 * 60);
    } else {
        // add 10 years, subtract a day. Same assumption as above
        exp = dt_delta(iss, ((10 * 8766) - 24) * 60 * 60);
    }

    return exp;
}

static bool expired(DateTime expiry, DateTime last_transaction) {
    // if a card has sat unused for >2 years, expired (verify this claim?)
    // else expired if current date > expiry date

    uint32_t ts_exp = datetime_datetime_to_timestamp(&expiry);
    uint32_t ts_last = datetime_datetime_to_timestamp(&last_transaction);
    uint32_t ts_now = time_now();

    return (ts_exp <= ts_now) | ((ts_now - ts_last) >= (2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60));
}
*/

// **********************************************************
// ****************** STRING FORMATTING *********************
// **********************************************************

void locale_format_dt_cat(FuriString* out, const DateTime* dt) {
    // helper to print datetimes
    FuriString* s = furi_string_alloc();

    LocaleDateFormat date_format = locale_get_date_format();
    const char* separator = (date_format == LocaleDateFormatDMY) ? "." : "/";
    locale_format_date(s, dt, date_format, separator);
    furi_string_cat(out, s);
    locale_format_time(s, dt, locale_get_time_format(), false);
    furi_string_cat_printf(out, "  ");
    furi_string_cat(out, s);

    furi_string_free(s);
}

void type_format_cat(FuriString* out, uint16_t type) {
    const char* s;
    if(!get_map_item(type, charliecard_types, kNumTypes, &s)) {
        s = "";
        furi_string_cat_printf(out, "Unknown-%u", type);
    }

    furi_string_cat_str(out, s);
}

void pass_format_cat(FuriString* out, Pass pass) {
    furi_string_cat_printf(out, "\n-Pre: %b", pass.pre);
    // type_format_cat(out, pass.type);
    furi_string_cat_printf(out, "\n-Post: ");
    type_format_cat(out, pass.post);
    // locale_format_dt_cat(out, &pass.start);
    furi_string_cat_printf(out, "\n-Date: ");
    locale_format_dt_cat(out, &pass.date);
}

void passes_format_cat(FuriString* out, Pass* passes) {
    // only print passes if DEBUG on
    if(!is_debug()) {
        return;
    }

    // only print if there is at least 1 valid pass to print
    bool any_valid = false;
    for(size_t i = 0; i < CHARLIE_N_PASSES; i++) {
        any_valid |= passes[i].valid;
    }
    if(!any_valid) {
        return;
    }

    furi_string_cat_printf(out, "\nPasses (DEBUG / WIP):");
    for(size_t i = 0; i < CHARLIE_N_PASSES; i++) {
        if(passes[i].valid) {
            furi_string_cat_printf(out, "\nPass %u", i + 1);
            pass_format_cat(out, passes[i]);
            furi_string_cat_printf(out, "\n");
        }
    }
}

void money_format_cat(FuriString* out, Money money) {
    furi_string_cat_printf(out, "$%u.%02u", money.dollars, money.cents);
}

void transaction_format_cat(FuriString* out, Transaction transaction) {
    const char* sep = "   ";
    const char* sta;

    locale_format_dt_cat(out, &transaction.date);
    furi_string_cat_printf(out, "\n%s", !!(transaction.g_flag & 0x1) ? "-" : "+");
    money_format_cat(out, transaction.fare);
    if(!!(transaction.g_flag & 0x1) && (transaction.fare.dollars == FARE_BUS.dollars) &&
       (transaction.fare.cents == FARE_BUS.cents)) {
        // if not a refill, and the fare amount is equal to bus fare (any better approach? flag bits for modality?)
        // format for bus — supposedly some correlation between gate ID & bus #, haven't investigated
        furi_string_cat_printf(out, "%s#%u", sep, transaction.gate);
    } else if(get_map_item(transaction.gate, charliecard_fare_gate_ids, kNumFareGateIds, &sta)) {
        // station found in fare gate ID map, append station name
        furi_string_cat_str(out, sep);
        furi_string_cat_str(out, sta);
    } else {
        // no found station in fare gate ID map & not a bus, just print ID w/o add'l info
        furi_string_cat_printf(out, "%s#%u", sep, transaction.gate);
    }
    // print flags for debugging purposes
    if(is_debug()) {
        furi_string_cat_printf(out, "%s%x%s%x", sep, transaction.g_flag, sep, transaction.f_flag);
    }
}

void transactions_format_cat(FuriString* out, Transaction* transactions) {
    furi_string_cat_printf(out, "\nTransactions:");
    for(size_t i = 0; i < CHARLIE_N_TRANSACTION_HISTORY; i++) {
        furi_string_cat_printf(out, "\n");
        transaction_format_cat(out, transactions[i]);
        furi_string_cat_printf(out, "\n");
    }
}

// **********************************************************
// **************** NFC PLUGIN BOILERPLATE ******************
// **********************************************************

static bool charliecard_parse(FuriString* parsed_data, const MfClassicData* data) {
    bool parsed = false;

    do {
        // Verify key
        // arbitrary sector in the main data portion
        const uint8_t verify_sector = 3;
        const MfClassicSectorTrailer* sec_tr =
            mf_classic_get_sector_trailer_by_sector(data, verify_sector);

        const uint64_t key_a =
            bit_lib_bytes_to_num_be(sec_tr->key_a.data, COUNT_OF(sec_tr->key_a.data));

        if(key_a != charliecard_1k_keys[verify_sector].a) break;

        // parse card data
        const uint32_t card_number = mfg_sector_parse(data);
        const CounterSector counter_sector = counter_sector_parse(data);
        const BalanceSector balance_sector =
            balance_sector_parse(data, counter_sector.active_balance_sector);
        Pass* passes = passes_parse(data);
        Transaction* transactions = transactions_parse(data);

        // print/append card data
        furi_string_cat_printf(parsed_data, "\e#CharlieCard");
        furi_string_cat_printf(parsed_data, "\nSerial: 5-%lu", card_number);

        // Type and balance 0 on some (Perq) cards
        // (ie no "main" type / balance / end validity,
        //  essentially only pass & trip info)
        // skip/change formatting for that case?
        furi_string_cat_printf(parsed_data, "\nBal: ");
        money_format_cat(parsed_data, balance_sector.balance);

        furi_string_cat_printf(parsed_data, "\nType: ");
        type_format_cat(parsed_data, balance_sector.type);

        furi_string_cat_printf(parsed_data, "\nTrip Count: %u", counter_sector.n_uses);

        furi_string_cat_printf(parsed_data, "\nIssued: ");
        locale_format_dt_cat(parsed_data, &balance_sector.issued);

        if(!dt_eq(balance_sector.end_validity, CHARLIE_EPOCH) &
           dt_ge(balance_sector.end_validity, balance_sector.issued)) {
            // sometimes (seen on Perq cards) end validity field is all 0
            // When this is the case, calc'd end validity is equal to CHARLIE_EPOCH).
            // Only print if not 0, & end validity after issuance date
            furi_string_cat_printf(parsed_data, "\nExpiry: ");
            locale_format_dt_cat(parsed_data, &balance_sector.end_validity);
        }

        // const DateTime last = date_parse(data, active_sector, 0, 1);
        // furi_string_cat_printf(parsed_data, "\nExpired: %s", expired(e_v, last) ? "Yes" : "No");

        transactions_format_cat(parsed_data, transactions);
        free(transactions);

        passes_format_cat(parsed_data, passes);
        free(passes);

        parsed = true;
    } while(false);

    return parsed;
}

static NfcCommand
    metroflip_scene_charlicard_poller_callback(NfcGenericEvent event, void* context) {
    furi_assert(context);
    furi_assert(event.event_data);
    furi_assert(event.protocol == NfcProtocolMfClassic);

    NfcCommand command = NfcCommandContinue;
    const MfClassicPollerEvent* mfc_event = event.event_data;
    Metroflip* app = context;

    if(mfc_event->type == MfClassicPollerEventTypeCardDetected) {
        view_dispatcher_send_custom_event(app->view_dispatcher, MetroflipCustomEventCardDetected);
        command = NfcCommandContinue;
    } else if(mfc_event->type == MfClassicPollerEventTypeCardLost) {
        view_dispatcher_send_custom_event(app->view_dispatcher, MetroflipCustomEventCardLost);
        app->sec_num = 0;
        command = NfcCommandStop;
    } else if(mfc_event->type == MfClassicPollerEventTypeRequestMode) {
        mfc_event->data->poller_mode.mode = MfClassicPollerModeRead;

    } else if(mfc_event->type == MfClassicPollerEventTypeRequestReadSector) {
        MfClassicKey key = {0};
        bit_lib_num_to_bytes_be(charliecard_1k_keys[app->sec_num].a, COUNT_OF(key.data), key.data);

        MfClassicKeyType key_type = MfClassicKeyTypeA;
        mfc_event->data->read_sector_request_data.sector_num = app->sec_num;
        mfc_event->data->read_sector_request_data.key = key;
        mfc_event->data->read_sector_request_data.key_type = key_type;
        mfc_event->data->read_sector_request_data.key_provided = true;
        if(app->sec_num == 16) {
            mfc_event->data->read_sector_request_data.key_provided = false;
            app->sec_num = 0;
        }
        app->sec_num++;
    } else if(mfc_event->type == MfClassicPollerEventTypeSuccess) {
        nfc_device_set_data(
            app->nfc_device, NfcProtocolMfClassic, nfc_poller_get_data(app->poller));
        const MfClassicData* mfc_data = nfc_device_get_data(app->nfc_device, NfcProtocolMfClassic);
        FuriString* parsed_data = furi_string_alloc();
        Widget* widget = app->widget;

        dolphin_deed(DolphinDeedNfcReadSuccess);
        furi_string_reset(app->text_box_store);
        if(!charliecard_parse(parsed_data, mfc_data)) {
            furi_string_reset(app->text_box_store);
            FURI_LOG_I(TAG, "Unknown card type");
            furi_string_printf(parsed_data, "\e#Unknown card\n");
        }
        widget_add_text_scroll_element(widget, 0, 0, 128, 64, furi_string_get_cstr(parsed_data));

        widget_add_button_element(
            widget, GuiButtonTypeRight, "Exit", metroflip_exit_widget_callback, app);
        widget_add_button_element(
            widget, GuiButtonTypeCenter, "Save", metroflip_save_widget_callback, app);

        furi_string_free(parsed_data);
        view_dispatcher_switch_to_view(app->view_dispatcher, MetroflipViewWidget);
        command = NfcCommandStop;
        metroflip_app_blink_stop(app);
    } else if(mfc_event->type == MfClassicPollerEventTypeFail) {
        FURI_LOG_I(TAG, "fail");
        command = NfcCommandContinue;
    }

    return command;
}

static void charliecard_on_enter(Metroflip* app) {
    dolphin_deed(DolphinDeedNfcRead);

    app->sec_num = 0;

    if(app->data_loaded) {
        Storage* storage = furi_record_open(RECORD_STORAGE);
        FlipperFormat* ff = flipper_format_file_alloc(storage);
        if(flipper_format_file_open_existing(ff, app->file_path)) {
            MfClassicData* mfc_data = mf_classic_alloc();
            mf_classic_load(mfc_data, ff, 2);
            FuriString* parsed_data = furi_string_alloc();
            Widget* widget = app->widget;

            furi_string_reset(app->text_box_store);
            if(!charliecard_parse(parsed_data, mfc_data)) {
                furi_string_reset(app->text_box_store);
                FURI_LOG_I(TAG, "Unknown card type");
                furi_string_printf(parsed_data, "\e#Unknown card\n");
            }
            widget_add_text_scroll_element(
                widget, 0, 0, 128, 64, furi_string_get_cstr(parsed_data));
            widget_add_button_element(
                widget, GuiButtonTypeRight, "Exit", metroflip_exit_widget_callback, app);
            widget_add_button_element(
                widget, GuiButtonTypeCenter, "Delete", metroflip_delete_widget_callback, app);

            mf_classic_free(mfc_data);
            furi_string_free(parsed_data);
            view_dispatcher_switch_to_view(app->view_dispatcher, MetroflipViewWidget);
        }
        flipper_format_free(ff);
    } else {
        // Setup view
        Popup* popup = app->popup;
        popup_set_header(popup, "Apply\n card to\nthe back", 68, 30, AlignLeft, AlignTop);
        popup_set_icon(popup, 0, 3, &I_RFIDDolphinReceive_97x61);

        // Start worker
        view_dispatcher_switch_to_view(app->view_dispatcher, MetroflipViewPopup);
        app->poller = nfc_poller_alloc(app->nfc, NfcProtocolMfClassic);
        nfc_poller_start(app->poller, metroflip_scene_charlicard_poller_callback, app);

        metroflip_app_blink_start(app);
    }
}

static bool charliecard_on_event(Metroflip* app, SceneManagerEvent event) {
    bool consumed = false;

    if(event.type == SceneManagerEventTypeCustom) {
        if(event.event == MetroflipCustomEventCardDetected) {
            Popup* popup = app->popup;
            popup_set_header(popup, "DON'T\nMOVE", 68, 30, AlignLeft, AlignTop);
            consumed = true;
        } else if(event.event == MetroflipCustomEventCardLost) {
            Popup* popup = app->popup;
            popup_set_header(popup, "Card \n lost", 68, 30, AlignLeft, AlignTop);
            consumed = true;
        } else if(event.event == MetroflipCustomEventWrongCard) {
            Popup* popup = app->popup;
            popup_set_header(popup, "WRONG \n CARD", 68, 30, AlignLeft, AlignTop);
            consumed = true;
        } else if(event.event == MetroflipCustomEventPollerFail) {
            Popup* popup = app->popup;
            popup_set_header(popup, "Failed", 68, 30, AlignLeft, AlignTop);
            consumed = true;
        }
    } else if(event.type == SceneManagerEventTypeBack) {
        scene_manager_search_and_switch_to_previous_scene(app->scene_manager, MetroflipSceneStart);
        scene_manager_set_scene_state(app->scene_manager, MetroflipSceneStart, MetroflipSceneAuto);
        consumed = true;
    }

    return consumed;
}

static void charliecard_on_exit(Metroflip* app) {
    widget_reset(app->widget);

    if(app->poller && !app->data_loaded) {
        nfc_poller_stop(app->poller);
        nfc_poller_free(app->poller);
    }

    // Clear view
    popup_reset(app->popup);

    metroflip_app_blink_stop(app);
}

/* Actual implementation of app<>plugin interface */
static const MetroflipPlugin charliecard_plugin = {
    .card_name = "Charliecard",
    .plugin_on_enter = charliecard_on_enter,
    .plugin_on_event = charliecard_on_event,
    .plugin_on_exit = charliecard_on_exit,

};

/* Plugin descriptor to comply with basic plugin specification */
static const FlipperAppPluginDescriptor charliecard_plugin_descriptor = {
    .appid = METROFLIP_SUPPORTED_CARD_PLUGIN_APP_ID,
    .ep_api_version = METROFLIP_SUPPORTED_CARD_PLUGIN_API_VERSION,
    .entry_point = &charliecard_plugin,
};

/* Plugin entry point - must return a pointer to const descriptor  */
const FlipperAppPluginDescriptor* charliecard_plugin_ep(void) {
    return &charliecard_plugin_descriptor;
}